@article{fdi:010091881,
  title = {{U}rogenital schistosomiasis in schoolchildren in the lake zones of {K}ankossa and {O}ued {R}awdha, southern {M}auritania : the first parasitological and malacological survey},
  author = {{N}akatt, {L}. and {G}aye, {P}. {M}. and {M}oukah, {M}. {O}. and {N}iang, {B}. and {B}asco, {L}eonardo and {R}anque, {S}. and {B}oukhary, {A}. {O}. {M}. {S}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground {U}rogenital schistosomiasis due to {S}chistosoma haematobium is a major public health problem in {M}auritania, but little is known about its epidemiology in many areas of the country, particularly in the lake zones. {T}he objectives of the present parasitological and malacological study were to assess the prevalence and intensity of urogenital schistosomiasis among school children in {K}ankossa and {O}ued {R}awdha lakes, southern {M}auritania, and determine the species of intermediate host snails and the prevalence of snails with schistosome. {M}ethods {A} school-based epidemiological survey was conducted in two villages in the lake areas of {K}ankossa and {O}ued {R}awdha. {U}rine samples were collected from 450 state primary school children and {K}oranic school children and examined for the presence of {S}. haematobium eggs using filtration technique. {W}ater bodies adjacent to human settlement were surveyed for {B}ulinus and {B}iomphalaria snails that may potentially be intermediate hosts of {S}. haematobium. {M}orphological, molecular, and proteomic (i.e. matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry [{MALDI}-{TOF} {MS}]) identification of collected snails were conducted, and their infection status was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction ({RT}-{PCR}) using the highly repetitive {D}ra{I} gene. {R}esults {T}he prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis was 35.6% and 15.8% in {K}ankossa and {O}ued {R}awdha villages, respectively, corresponding to 'moderate' prevalence (i.e., 10-49% infected schoolchildren). {U}rogenital schistosomiasis prevalence was higher in boys (30.0%) than in girls (21.2%; {P} < 0.05), and in {K}oranic schools pupils (37.1%) than in state schools (20.5%; {P} < 0.05) pupils. {M}ultiple regression analysis showed that sex (odds ratio [{OR}]: 1.64; 95% confidence interval [95% {CI}]: 1.06-2.57; {P} = 0.03) and {K}oranic school level ({OR}: 1.79; 95% {CI}: 1.06-3.04; {P} = 0.03) were independently and significantly associated with urogenital schistosomiasis. {B}ased on molecular and proteomic identification, both {B}. senegalensis and {B}. umbilicatus colonized the water bodies of {O}ued {R}awdha, whereas both {B}. forskalii and {B}. truncatus colonized those of {K}ankossa. {T}he {D}ra{I} {RT}-{PCR} detected {S}. haematobium complex {DNA} in 8 of 66 (12.1%) analysed snails: one {B}. truncatus and one {B}. forskalii in {K}ankossa and five {B}. senegalensis and one {B}. umbilicatus in {O}ued {R}awdha. {C}onclusion {U}rogenital schistosomiasis is moderately prevalent in the lake zones of {K}ankossa and, to a lesser extent, {O}ued {R}awdha, located in southern {M}auritania. {M}ass drug administration campaigns with praziquantel should be conducted to reduce the prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis among school-aged children in the lake zone of {K}ankossa and {O}ued {R}awdha village. {F}urther parasitological and malacological studies should be conducted in other villages located in the {M}auritanian lakes in the southern {S}ahelian zones and the northern oasis areas to strengthen our knowledge of the current epidemiological situation and implement appropriate urogenital schistosomiasis control strategies.},
  keywords = {{MAURITANIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{PL}o{S} {N}eglected {T}ropical {D}iseases},
  volume = {18},
  numero = {9},
  pages = {e0012505 [29 p.]},
  ISSN = {1935-2735},
  year = {2024},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0012505},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010091881},
}