@article{fdi:010091840,
  title = {{T}rade-offs shape the evolution of the vector-borne insect pathogen {X}enorhabdus nematophila},
  author = {{C}hapuis, {E}lodie and {A}rnal, {A}. and {F}erdy, {J}. {B}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{O}ur current understanding on how pathogens evolve relies on the hypothesis that pathogens' transmission is traded off against host exploitation. {I}n this study, we surveyed the possibility that trade-offs determine the evolution of the bacterial insect pathogen, {X}enorhabdus nematophila. {T}his bacterium rapidly kills the hosts it infects and is transmitted from host cadavers to new insects by a nematode vector, {S}teinernema carpocapsae. {I}n order to detect trade-offs in this biological system, we produced 20 bacterial lineages using an experimental evolution protocol. {T}hese lineages differ, among other things, in their virulence towards the insect host. {W}e found that nematode parasitic success increases with bacteria virulence, but their survival during dispersal decreases with the number of bacteria they carry. {O}ther bacterial traits, such as production of the haemolytic protein {X}ax{AB}, have a strong impact on nematode reproduction. {W}e then combined the result of our measurements with an estimate of bacteria fitness, which was divided into a parasitic component and a dispersal component. {C}ontrary to what was expected in the trade-off hypothesis, we found no significant negative correlation between the two components of bacteria fitness. {S}till, we found that bacteria fitness is maximized when nematodes carry an intermediate number of cells. {O}ur results therefore demonstrate the existence of a trade-off in {X}. nematophila, which is caused, in part, by the reduction in survival this bacterium causes to its nematode vectors.},
  keywords = {evolution ; virulence ; {X}enorhabdus ; {S}teinernema},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}roceedings of the {R}oyal {S}ociety {B} : {B}iological {S}ciences},
  volume = {279},
  numero = {1738},
  pages = {2672--2680},
  ISSN = {0962-8452},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1098/rspb.2012.0228},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010091840},
}