@article{fdi:010091268,
  title = {{L}everaging the potential of charred archaeological seeds for reconstructing the history of date palm},
  author = {{I}vorra, {S}. and {T}engberg, {M}. and {B}onhomme, {V}. and {K}aczmarek, {T}. and {P}astor, {T}. and {T}erral, {J}. {F}. and {G}ros-{B}althazard, {M}uriel},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he analysis of seeds from archaeobotanical assemblages is essential for understanding the history of crop cultivation. {H}owever, the majority of these seeds are typically found charred, a condition that not only degrades {DNA}, which hinders genetic studies, but also distorts their morphological features, which may bias comparisons with uncharred modern samples. {W}hile the effects of charring on several other crop seeds or fruits are welldocumented, date palm seeds remain largely unexamined, limiting our ability to use charred seeds effectively to document the agrobiodiversity dynamic of this crop. {I}n this study, we assessed the morphological changes induced by the charring of 1375 {P}hoenix seeds under varied conditions, including charring temperatures of 200-600 degrees {C}, exposure durations from 10 to 120 min, and oxidizing/reducing conditions. {B}y comparing charred samples with a modern reference collection of 6991 seeds, we evaluated the extent to which charring affects the ability to discriminate between groups of interest, particularly between wild and domesticated specimens. {O}ur study identified a significant shrinkage in {P}hoenix seeds, up to 25%, as a result of charring, with the extent of deformation influenced by the conditions of exposure. {T}he shrinkage displayed an isometric pattern, keeping the proportions between seed dimensions consistent, thereby validating size ratios as a dependable metric for studying {P}hoenix agrobiodiversity even when dealing with charred material. {M}oreover, seed outlines stay predominantly unchanged, further endorsing their utility in morphometric studies. {U}sing our results to examine 13 charred seeds from {S}hahi {T}ump and {M}iri {Q}alat, two {P}rotohistoric settlements (5th-3rd millennia {BCE}) located in the {K}ech-{M}akran district of southwestern {P}akistan, we deduced a predominance of wild resource utilization over the cultivation of date palms. {T}his research sheds light on the impact of charring on seed morphology and underscores its potential in differentiating between species and groups. {I}t moreover confirms the value of charred seeds as a crucial resource for unraveling the complex history of crop cultivation, offering a detailed framework for future studies in this domain.},
  keywords = {{A}rchaeobotany ; {D}ate palm ( {P}hoenix dactylifera {L}.) ; {S}eed morphometrics ; {C}rop history ; {E}lliptic fourier transforms ({EFT}) ; {E}xperimental charring},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {A}rchaeological {S}cience},
  volume = {170},
  numero = {},
  pages = {106052 [13 ]},
  ISSN = {0305-4403},
  year = {2024},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.jas.2024.106052},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010091268},
}