@article{fdi:010091253,
  title = {{M}agma ascent and lava flow field emplacement during the 2018-2021-2021 {F}ani {M}aore deep-submarine eruption insights from lava vesicle textures},
  author = {{V}erdurme, {P}. and {G}urioli, {L}. and {C}hevrel, {M}agdalena {O}ryaelle and {M}{\'e}dard, {E}. and {B}erthod, {C}. and {K}omorowski, {J}. {C}. and {H}arris, {A}. and {P}aquete, {F}. and {C}athalot, {C}. and {F}euillet, {N}. and {L}ebas, {E}. and {R}innert, {E}. and {D}onval, {J}. {P}. and {T}hinon, {I}. and {D}eplus, {C}. and {B}ach{\`e}lery, {P}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he 2018-2021 {F}ani {M}aore submarine eruption (offshore of {M}ayotte, {M}ozambique {C}hannel) extruded a bulk volume of similar to 6.5 km(3) of basanite magma onto the seafloor at a depth of 3300 m, with effusion rates ranging from 150 to 200 m(3)/s in the first year of the eruption, to less than 11 m(3)/s in the final months. {S}ix oceanographic campaigns provided a large sample set covering the entire flow field at high spatial and temporal resolution. {T}hese samples allow us to precisely track syn-eruptive degassing processes through quantification of textural parameters including porosity, pore connectivity, vesicle number density ({NV}) and vesicle size distributions ({VSD}). {T}hree different textural facies have been distinguished. (1) {V}esicular lavas (average porosity of 35%) display unimodal {VSD}s, high {NV} (14-214 mm(-3)), and small and spherical vesicles. (2) {L}avas with intermediate porosities (25%) have scarce small vesicles, {VSD}s shifted towards larger vesicles, and low {NV} (0.2-39 mm(-3)). (3) {D}ense lavas with low porosities (14%) display bimodal {VSD}s distribution, a dominant mode of small vesicles, and low {NV} (0-87 mm(-3)). {T}he early phase of activity ({P}hase 1, {J}une 2018 - {M}ay 2019) built the main edifice and was fed by rapid ascent and closed-system degassing of volatile-rich magma ascending from a deep reservoir to the seafloor ({F}acies 1). {D}istal samples collected from lava flows emitted during {P}hase 2, between {J}une and {J}uly 2019, show large and irregular shape vesicles mostly related to bubble growth and coalescence, and outgassing during emplacement ({F}acies 2). {T}hese lavas are interpreted to be emplaced during extension of a lava tube system which began to develop during {P}hase 1. {T}he final phase ({P}hase 3, {A}ugust 2019 - {J}anuary 2021) was associated with lava effusion located at the northwest lava flow front, 6 km from the summit. {P}hase 3 involved a more degassed magma due to the increase in the length of the magma pathway ({F}acies 3). {P}hase 3 lavas were also extremely outgassed and associated with construction of a new complex lava flow field with tumuli and multiple ephemeral vents (lava breakouts). {T}he heterogeneous textures within the studied samples reflect changing ascent and effusion rates with time, leading to emplacement of lava flows which varied depending on the degree of degassing and effusion rate. {W}e conclude that emplacement of the {F}ani {M}aore large submarine lava flow fields developed through extensive and prolonged tube systems this being supported by the high effusion rates.},
  keywords = {{S}ubmarine eruption ; {A}lkali magmas ; {T}extural characterization ; {M}agma degassing ; {L}ava outgassing ; {T}ube-fed inflation ; {COMORES} ; {MAYOTTE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}arth and {P}lanetary {S}cience {L}etters},
  volume = {636},
  numero = {},
  pages = {118720 [14 ]},
  ISSN = {0012-821{X}},
  year = {2024},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.epsl.2024.118720},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010091253},
}