@article{fdi:010091148,
  title = {{PM}10-bound trace elements in pan-{E}uropean urban atmosphere},
  author = {{L}iu, {X}. {S}. and {Z}hang, {X}. and {W}ang, {T}. and {J}in, {B}. {W}. and {W}u, {L}. {J}. and {L}ara, {R}. and {M}onge, {M}. and {R}eche, {C}. and {J}affrezo, {J}. {L}. and {U}zu, {G}a{\¨e}lle and {D}ominutti, {P}. and {D}arfeuil, {S}ophie and {F}avez, {O}. and {C}onil, {S}. and {M}archand, {N}. and {C}astillo, {S}. and de la {R}osa, {J}. {D}. and {S}tuart, {G}. and {E}leftheriadis, {K}. and {D}iapouli, {E}. and {G}ini, {M}. {I}. and {N}ava, {S}. and {A}lves, {C}. and {W}ang, {X}. {X}. and {X}u, {Y}. {M}. and {G}reen, {D}. {C}. and {B}eddows, {D}. {C}. {S}. and {H}arrison, {R}. {M}. and {A}lastuey, {A}. and {Q}uerol, {X}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}lthough many studies have discussed the impact of {E}urope's air quality, very limited research focused on the detailed phenomenology of ambient trace elements ({TE}s) in {PM}10 in urban atmosphere. {T}his study compiled long-term (2013-2022) measurements of speciation of ambient urban {PM}10 from 55 sites of 7 countries ({S}witzerland, {S}pain, {F}rance, {G}reece, {I}taly, {P}ortugal, {UK}), aiming to elucidate the phenomenology of 20 {TE}s in {PM}10 in urban {E}urope. {T}he monitoring sites comprised urban background ({UB}, n = 26), traffic ({TR}, n = 10), industrial ({IN}, n = 5), suburban background ({SUB}, n = 7), and rural background ({RB}, n = 7) types. {T}he sampling campaigns were conducted using standardized protocols to ensure data comparability. {I}n each country, {PM}10 samples were collected over a fixed period using high-volume air samplers. {T}he analysis encompassed the spatio-temporal distribution of {TE}s, and relationships between {TE}s at each site. {R}esults indicated an annual average for the sum of 20 {TE}s of 90 +/- 65 ng/m(3), with {TR} and {IN} sites exhibiting the highest concentrations (130 +/- 66 and 131 +/- 80 ng/m(3), respectively). {S}easonal variability in {TE}s concentrations, influenced by emission sources and meteorology, revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) across all monitoring sites. {E}stimation of {TE} concentrations highlighted distinct ratios between non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic metals, with {Z}n (40 +/- 49 ng/m(3)), {T}i (21 +/- 29 ng/m(3)), and {C}u (23 +/- 35 ng/m(3)) dominating non-carcinogenic {TE}s, while {C}r (5 +/- 7 ng/m(3)), and {N}i (2 +/- 6 ng/m(3)) were prominent among carcinogenic ones. {C}orrelations between {TE}s across diverse locations and seasons varied, in agreement with differences in emission sources and meteorological conditions. {T}his study provides valuable insights into {TE}s in pan-{E}uropean urban atmosphere, contributing to a comprehensive dataset for future environmental protection policies.},
  keywords = {{E}urope ; {E}lements ; {S}patiotemporal variability ; {S}elf-organizing maps ; {EUROPE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}nvironmental {R}esearch},
  volume = {260},
  numero = {},
  pages = {119630 [14 p.]},
  ISSN = {0013-9351},
  year = {2024},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.envres.2024.119630},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010091148},
}