@article{fdi:010091124,
  title = {{P}re-hispanic wetland irrigation and metallurgy in the {S}outh {A}ndean {A}ltiplano ({I}ntersalar {R}egion, {B}olivia, {XIV}th and {XV}th century {CE}) [+ corrigendum, 1 p.]},
  author = {{G}u{\'e}dron, {S}t{\'e}phane and {R}oy, {C}. and {S}arret, {G}. and {T}olu, {J}. and {L}edru, {M}arie-{P}ierre and {C}ampillo, {S}. and {B}ureau, {S}. and {D}evelle, {A}. {L}. and {G}uiguet-{C}ovex, {C}. and {A}lves, {E}. {Q}. and {B}oudin, {M}. and {J}offre, {R}. and {C}ruz, {P}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he high-altitude {A}ndean {A}ltiplano has been subject to abrupt climate changes during the {H}olocene. {T}he resulting impact on the hydrological cycle has obliged ancient societies to adapt and develop strategies to face droughts and sustain agropastoral activities. {H}ere, we present the results of archaeological prospections together with the biogeochemical characterization of a well-dated core collected at {S}aitoco wetland in the arid southern {A}ltiplano ({I}ntersalar {R}egion, {B}olivia). {A}rchaeological survey allowed the mapping of a network of channels collecting water from the surrounding mountains to the wetland, and the presence of small copper mines and metallurgical installations. {T}races and major element concentrations and accumulation rates, together with elemental and isotopic characterization of organic matter ({OM}) (i.e., {C}org and 813{C}org) in the wetland core have been used to document the evolution of the landscape in relation to climatic and anthropogenic pressure. {W}hile {OM}, bromine ({B}r), selenium ({S}e) and mercury ({H}g) data were used to assess the variability of precipitations during the {L}ate {H}olocene (4.2 ka {BP} to the present), local and regional mining activities have been reconstructed through the variations of lead ({P}b), copper ({C}u), and antimony ({S}b). {O}ur results show an abrupt change in {OM} composition during the 14th and 15th century {CE}, characterized by an abrupt shift in 813{C}org synchronous with a rise in {B}r, {S}e and {H}g, testifying for the waterlogging of the wetland during a known arid period in the region. {T}his change is attributed to anthropogenic transformation of the landscape through the irrigation of the wetland by channeling streams from the surrounding mountains. {A}t the same time, a mining pollution signal was recorded supporting local {C}u mining and metallurgy. {T}he mining signal then reached its maximum values during the {I}nca and {C}olonial periods, which matches with reported enhanced mining activities in the region. {F}rom the colonial era onward, the wetland progressively dried up, likely resulting from the abandonment of the site. {T}hrough the combination of a biogeochemical record and archaeological prospections, this study provides evidences that societies of the arid {I}ntersalar region have transformed their landscape and developed wetland irrigation and mining during the arid 14th and 15th century {CE} {P}eriod.},
  keywords = {{W}etland sediment ; {B}romine ; {S}elenium ; {M}ercury ; {P}re-hispanic metallurgy ; {BOLIVIE} ; {ANDES}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{Q}uaternary {S}cience {R}eviews},
  volume = {338},
  numero = {},
  pages = {108826 [11 ] [+ corrigendum, vol. 353, 2025, 109246 [1 p.]]},
  ISSN = {0277-3791},
  year = {2024},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108826},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010091124},
}