@article{fdi:010091017,
  title = {{E}xploring indirect effects of a classic trophic cascade between urchins and kelp on zooplankton and whales},
  author = {{H}ildebrand, {L}. and {D}erville, {S}ol{\`e}ne and {H}ildebrand, {I}. and {T}orres, {L}. {G}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{K}elp forest trophic cascades have been extensively researched, yet indirect effects to the zooplankton prey base and gray whales have not been explored. {W}e investigate the correlative patterns of a trophic cascade between bull kelp and purple sea urchins on gray whales and zooplankton in {O}regon, {USA}. {U}sing generalized additive models ({GAM}s), we assess (1) temporal dynamics of the four species across 8 years, and (2) possible trophic paths from urchins to kelp, kelp as habitat to zooplankton, and kelp and zooplankton to gray whales. {T}emporal {GAM}s revealed an increase in urchin coverage, with simultaneous decline in kelp condition, zooplankton abundance and gray whale foraging time. {T}rophic path {GAM}s, which tested for correlations between species, demonstrated that urchins and kelp were negatively correlated, while kelp and zooplankton were positively correlated. {G}ray whales showed nuanced and site-specific correlations with zooplankton in one site, and positive correlations with kelp condition in both sites. {T}he negative correlation between the kelp-urchin trophic cascade and zooplankton resulted in a reduced prey base for gray whales. {T}his research provides a new perspective on the vital role kelp forests may play across multiple trophic levels and interspecies linkages.},
  keywords = {{ETATS} {UNIS} ; {PACIFIQUE} ; {OREGON}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{S}cientific {R}eports - {N}ature},
  volume = {14},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {9815 [13 ]},
  ISSN = {2045-2322},
  year = {2024},
  DOI = {10.1038/s41598-024-59964-x},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010091017},
}