The Gibraltar subduction : a decade of new geophysical data Gutscher, M.A. Dominguez, S. Westbrook, G.K. Le Roy, P. Rosas, F. Duarte, J.C. Terrinha, P. Miranda, J.M. Graindorge, D. Gailler, A. /Sallares, Valenti Bartolome, R. The Gibraltar arc, spans a complex portion of the Africa-Eurasia plate boundary marked by slow oblique convergence and intermediate and deep focus seismicity. The seemingly contradictory observations of a young extensional marine basin surrounded by an arcuate fold-and-thrust belt, have led to competing geodynamic models (delamination and subduction). Geophysical data acquired in the past decade provide a test for these models and support a narrow east-dipping, subduction zone. Seismic refraction studies indicate oceanic crust below the western Gulf of Cadiz. Tomography of the upper mantle reveals a steep, east-dipping high P-wave velocity body, beneath Gibraltar. The anisotropic mantle fabric from SKS splitting shows arc-parallel 'fast directions', consistent with toroidal flow around a narrow, westward retreating subducting slab. The accompanying WSW advance of the Rif-Betic mountain belt has constructed a thick pile of deformed sediments, an accretionary wedge, characterized by west-vergent thrust anticlines. Bathymetric swath-mapping images an asymmetric embayment at the deformation front where a 2 km high basement ridge has collided. Subduction has slowed significantly since 5 Ma, but deformation of recent sediments and abundant mud volcanoes suggest ongoing activity in the accretionary wedge. Three possible origins for this deformation are discussed; gravitational spreading, overall NW-SE convergence between Africa and Iberia and finally a WSW tectonic push from slow, but ongoing roll-back subduction. In the absence of arc volcanism and shallow dipping thrust type earthquakes, evidence in favor of present-day subduction can only be indirect and remains the object of debate. Continued activity of the subduction offers a possible explanation for great (M > 8.5) earthquakes known to affect the area, like the famous 1755 Great Lisbon earthquake. Recent GPS studies show SW motion of stations in N Morocco at velocities of 3-6 mm/yr indicating the presence of an independent block, a 'Rif-Betic-Alboran' microplate, situated between Iberia and Africa. 2012 text https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010090931 fdi:010090931 Gutscher M.A., Dominguez S., Westbrook G.K., Le Roy P., Rosas F., Duarte J.C., Terrinha P., Miranda J.M., Graindorge D., Gailler A., Sallares Valenti, Bartolome R.. The Gibraltar subduction : a decade of new geophysical data. 2012, 574-575, 72-91 EN ATLANTIQUE