Sereme Y. auteur aut IRD Zarza S. M. auteur aut IRD Medkour Hacène auteur aut IRD Mezouar S. auteur aut IRD Dotras L. auteur aut IRD Barciela A. auteur aut IRD Hernandez-Aguilar R. A. auteur aut IRD Vitte J. auteur aut IRD Smajs D. auteur aut IRD Louni M. auteur aut IRD Mulot B. auteur aut IRD Leclerc A. auteur aut IRD Guéry J. P. auteur aut IRD Orain N. auteur aut IRD Diatta Georges auteur aut IRD Sokhna Cheikh auteur aut IRD Raoult D. auteur aut IRD Davousta B. auteur aut IRD Fenollar F. auteur aut IRD Mediannikov Oleg auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Treponematoses encompass a group of chronic and debilitating bacterial diseases transmitted sexually or by direct contact and attributed to Treponema pallidum. Despite being documented since as far back as 1963, the epidemiology of treponematoses in wild primates has remained an uninvestigated territory due to the inherent challenges associated with conducting examinations and obtaining invasive biological samples from wild animals. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the presence of treponemal infections in the critically endangered Western chimpanzees in Senegal, utilizing an innovative non-invasive stool serology method. We provide compelling evidence of the existence of anti-Treponema-specific antibodies in 13 out of 29 individual chimpanzees. Our study also underscores the significant potential of stool serology as a valuable non-invasive tool for monitoring and surveilling crucial emerging diseases in wild animals. We recognize two major implications: (1) the imperative need to assess the risks of treponematosis in Western chimpanzee populations and (2) the necessity to monitor and manage this disease following a holistic One Health approach. specialized Treponema pallidum Chimpanzees Stool Immunoglobulins Serology SENEGAL 080 050 021 18 100694 [9 ] 2024 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010090529 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100694 [F B010090529] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010090529 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2024-05/010090529.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2024-05-22 2025-11-06 fdi:010090529 fre