@article{fdi:010090344,
  title = {{A}ssociation between blood {L}oa loa microfilarial density and proteinuria levels in a rural area of the {R}epublic of {C}ongo (the {M}or{L}o project) : a population-based cross-sectional study},
  author = {{C}ampillo, {J}{\'e}r{\'e}my and {H}emilembolo, {M}. {C}. and {P}ion, {S}{\'e}bastien and {L}ebredonchel, {E}. and {D}upasquier, {V}. and {B}oull{\'e}, {C}. and {R}anc{\'e}, {L}. {G}. and {B}oussinesq, {M}ichel and {M}issamou, {F}. and {C}hesnais, {C}{\'e}dric},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground {C}ase reports have hypothesised that proteinuria, sometimes with glomerulopathy or nephrotic syndromes, might be associated with loiasis. {T}o our knowledge, no study has been done to assess this association. {W}e aimed to investigate the association between {L}oa loa microfilariae burden and proteinuria. {M}ethods {W}e did a cross-sectional study between {M}ay 16, 2022, and {J}une 11, 2022, to assess the relationship between {L}oa loa microfilaraemia densities and proteinuria in a rural area of the {R}epublic of {C}ongo. {W}e included all consenting adults living in the target area at study commencement who had {L} loa microfilarial densities greater than 500 microfilariae per m{L} during previous screening for a clinical trial in 2019. {T}his study is part of the {M}or{L}o project, and used the project's study population of individuals aged 18 years or older who were living near {S}ibiti. {F}or each microfilaraemic individual, two individuals without {L} loa microfilarial densities matched on age, sex, and place of residence were included. {T}he association between proteinuria (assessed by dipstick) and {L} loa microfilarial densities, age, and sex was assessed using an unconstrained ordinal regression model since the parallel-lines assumption was violated for microfilarial densities. {F}indings 991 participants were included, of whom 342 (35%) were {L} loa microfilaraemic. {T}he prevalence of microfilaraemia was 38% (122 of 325) among individuals with trace proteinuria (<300 mg/24 h), 51% (45 of 89) among individuals with light proteinuria (300 mg to 1 g/24 h), and 71% (15 of 21) among individuals with high proteinuria (>1 g/24 h). {I}ndividuals with high proteinuria had significantly higher {L} loa microfilarial densities (p<0 center dot 0001): mean microfilariae per m{L} were 1595 ({SD} 4960) among individuals with no proteinuria, 2691 (7982) for those with trace proteinuria, 3833 (9878) for those with light proteinuria, and 13 541 (20 118) for those with high proteinuria. {I}ndividuals with 5000-14 999 microfilariae per m{L} and individuals with 15 000 microfilariae per m{L} or greater were, respectively, 5 center dot 39 and 20 center dot 49 times more likely to have a high proteinuria than individuals with no microfilaraemia. {I}nterpretation {T}he risk of proteinuria increases with {L} loa microfilaraemia. {F}urther studies are needed to identify renal disorders (eg, tubulopathies, glomerulopathies, or nephrotic syndromes) responsible for loiasis-related proteinuria. {F}unding {E}uropean {R}esearch {C}ouncil, {M}or{L}o project.},
  keywords = {{CONGO}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{L}ancet {M}icrobe},
  volume = {4},
  numero = {9},
  pages = {{E}704--{E}710},
  year = {2023},
  DOI = {10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00142-8},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010090344},
}