@article{fdi:010090103,
  title = {{I}nvestigating an extreme meteo-oceanographic event in the southern {B}razil from in situ observations and modeling results},
  author = {{B}orges, {D}. {M}. and {V}arona, {H}. {L}. and {A}lonso, {M}. {F}. and {A}raujo, {M}. and {H}ernandez, {F}abrice},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n {M}arch 2016, the passage of a cold front on the southern coast of {B}razil generated extreme meteooceanographic conditions along the southern {B}razilian coast. {T}his work investigates the wave field evolution during this period from in situ observations and numerical modeling. {T}he observations were obtained from high-frequency measurements performed in four sites along the coastline ({S}antos, {T}ramandai, {R}io {G}rande, and {C}assino). {T}he wavefield simulations were performed by coupling the {G}lobal {F}orecast {S}ystem ({GFS}) reanalysis and the {WAVEWATCH}-{III} ({WW}3) ocean wave model. {I}n a synoptic analysis was observed that not only the cold front caused the high wave in the area, but the interaction between the front post-high-pressure center and a low-pressure center generated a substantial pressure gradient area along the {B}razilian coast with winds between 17.1 and 20.7 m s-1 reaching up to 24.4 m s-1. {M}odel estimates confirm the presence of high waves between 6.0 and 6.5 m on the {S}outhern coast of {B}razil. {A}lso, in the adjacent deep waters of the {S}outh {A}tlantic {O}cean, highly simulated waves reached significant wave heights of 9 m. {A}n analysis of the model input wind indicates that the {GFS} winds represented very well the trends and evolution of the wind registered by ocean buoys, with a small phase error. {T}he t-test shows no significant differences in any buoys, with p-value = 0.73 and p-value = 0.78, with a significance level of 0.05. {T}he best {WW}3 domain identified to simulate the wavefield off the coast of {S}outhern do {B}razil was 70 degrees {W} -4 degrees {W} longitude and 55 degrees {S} -13 degrees {S} latitude. {T}wo buoys and two ondographic records in the area were used to evaluate the simulations in shallow water. {I}n contrast, a reanalysis with satellite data assimilation was used to compare the simulations. {I}n shallow water, the results for significant height of {W}ind and {S}well {W}aves ({SWH}) show how the {WW}3 model slightly advances the maximum {SWH} time in relation to the buoys and ondographs records. {T}his maximum {SWH} simulated by {WW}3 is in correspondence with the maximum {GFS} and records wind. {T}he {WW}3 model underestimated the maximum {SWH} compared to the maximum buoys recorded and overestimated the maximum {SWH} compared to the maximum ondographs recorded. {T}he {P}eak {P}eriod ({T}p) simulations also showed an underestimate by the model in the two buoys and two ondograph locations. {T}he {BIAS} distribution showed low values of the {SWH} in deep water between-1.2 m and 1.2 m. {I}n general, in each analysis carried out, the t-test showed that there are no significant differences between the {SWH} and {T}p simulated and the {SWH} and {T}p records. {I}n the analysis of the directions, it was observed that the strongest winds were recorded from the {E} direction for both {R}io {G}rande (above 18 m s-1) and {S}antos (12-15 m s-1) buoys with frequency values of 27.8% and 12% respectively. {A}s a reflection of the wind, predominant directions of {E}-{SE} waves were observed with high-frequency values in the {R}io {G}rande (43.1%), {S}antos (54.2%), {C}assino (67.4%), and {T}ramandai (100%) records. {T}he presence of waves with {T}p (less than 12s) was observed in the records of buoys and wave gauges related to wind-wave. {O}nly in the {S}antos buoy were observed waves with {T}p higher than 12s (swell). {T}he model showed a difference of 22.5 & {DEG}; between the recorded wind and wave roses, and 45 & {DEG}; between the recorded wind roses and the wave rose.& {COPY}; 2023 {E}lsevier {B}.{V}. {A}ll rights reserved.},
  keywords = {{N}umerical modeling ; {S}trong pressure gradient ; {S}outh {A}tlantic {O}cean ; {W}ind ; wave ; {S}well ; {BRESIL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{R}egional {S}tudies in {M}arine {S}cience},
  volume = {65},
  numero = {},
  pages = {103071 [18 p.]},
  ISSN = {2352-4855},
  year = {2023},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.rsma.2023.103071},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010090103},
}