@article{fdi:010089582,
  title = {{O}xidative potential in rural, suburban and city centre atmospheric environments in central {E}urope},
  author = {{V}{\¨o}r{\¨o}smarty, {M}. and {U}zu, {G}a{\¨e}lle and {J}affrezo, {J}. {L}. and {D}ominutti, {P}amela and {K}ert{\'e}sz, {Z}. and {P}app, {E}. and {S}alma, {I}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{O}xidative potential ({OP}) is an emerging health-related metric which integrates several physicochemical properties of particulate matter ({PM}) that are involved in the pathogenesis of the diseases resulting from exposure to {PM}. {D}aily {PM} 2.5 -fraction aerosol samples collected in the rural background of the {C}arpathian {B}asin and in the suburban area and centre of its largest city of {B}udapest in each season over 1 year were utilised to study the {OP} at the related locations for the first time. {T}he samples were analysed for particulate matter mass, main carbonaceous species, levoglucosan and 20 chemical elements. {T}he resulting data sets were subjected to positive matrix factorisation to derive the main aerosol sources. {B}iomass burning ({BB}), suspended dust, road traffic, oil combustion mixed with coal combustion and long-range transport, vehicle metal wear, and mixed industrial sources were identified. {T}he {OP} of the sample extracts in simulated lung fluid was determined by ascorbic acid ({AA}) and dithiothreitol ({DTT}) assays. {T}he comparison of the {OP} data sets revealed some differences in the sensitivities of the assays. {I}n the heating period, both the {OP} and {PM} mass levels were higher than in spring and summer, but there was a clear misalignment between them. {I}n addition, the heating period : non-heating period {OP} ratios in the urban locations were larger than for the rural background by factors of 2-4. {T}he {OP} data sets were attributed to the main aerosol sources using multiple linear regression with the weighted least squares approach. {T}he {OP} was unambiguously dominated by {BB} at all sampling locations in winter and autumn. {T}he joint effects of motor vehicles involving the road traffic and vehicle metal wear played the most important role in summer and spring, with considerable contributions from oil combustion and resuspended dust. {I}n winter, there is temporal coincidence between the most severe daily {PM} health limit exceedances in the whole {C}arpathian {B}asin and the chemical {PM} composition causing larger {OP}. {S}imilarly, in spring and summer, there is a spatial coincidence in {B}udapest between the urban hotspots of {OP}-active aerosol constituents from traffic and the high population density in central quarters. {T}hese features offer possibilities for more efficient season-specific air quality regulations focusing on well-selected aerosol sources or experimentally determined {OP}, rather than on {PM} mass in general.},
  keywords = {{EUROPE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}tmospheric {C}hemistry and {P}hysics},
  volume = {23},
  numero = {22},
  pages = {14255--14269},
  ISSN = {1680-7316},
  year = {2023},
  DOI = {10.5194/acp-23-14255-2023},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010089582},
}