@article{fdi:010088928,
  title = {{A}symptomatic {P}lasmodium falciparum carriage at the end of the dry season is associated with subsequent infection and clinical malaria in {E}astern {G}ambia},
  author = {{F}ogang, {B}. and {L}ellouche, {L}. and {C}eesay, {S}. and {D}rammeh, {S}. and {J}aiteh, {F}. {K}. and {G}uery, {M}. {A}. and {L}andier, {J}ordi and {H}aanappel, {C}. {P}. and {F}roberg, {J}. and {C}onway, {D}. and {D}'{A}lessandro, {U}. and {B}ousema, {T}. and {C}laessens, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground {C}hronic carriage of asymptomatic low-density {P}lasmodium falciparum parasitaemia in the dry season may support maintenance of acquired immunity that protects against clinical malaria. {H}owever, the relationship between chronic low-density infections and subsequent risk of clinical malaria episodes remains unclear.{M}ethods {I}n a 2-years study ({D}ecember 2014 to {D}ecember 2016) in eastern {G}ambia, nine cross-sectional surveys using molecular parasite detection were performed in the dry and wet season. {D}uring the 2016 malaria transmission season, passive case detection identified episodes of clinical malaria.{R}esults {A}mong the 5256 samples collected, 444 (8.4%) were positive for {P}. falciparum. {A} multivariate model identified village of residence, male sex, age >= 5 years old, anaemia, and fever as independent factors associated with {P}. falciparum parasite carriage. {I}nfections did not cluster over time within the same households or recurred among neighbouring households. {A}symptomatic parasite carriage at the end of dry season was associated with a higher risk of infection ({H}azard {R}atio, {HR} = 3.0, p < 0.0001) and clinical malaria ({HR} = 1.561, p = 0.057) during the following transmission season. {A}ge and village of residence were additional predictors of infection and clinical malaria during the transmission season.{C}onclusion {C}hronic parasite carriage during the dry season is associated with an increased risk of malaria infection and clinical malaria. {I}t is unclear whether this is due to environmental exposure or to other factors.},
  keywords = {{P}lasmodium falciparum ; {A}symptomatic ; {C}linical malaria ; {S}easonal transmission ; {GAMBIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}alaria {J}ournal},
  volume = {23},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {22 [12 p.]},
  year = {2024},
  DOI = {10.1186/s12936-024-04836-y},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010088928},
}