Horizon 1 1 17 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES Health Policy Open 100096 [6 ] 2023 fdi:010088923 ENG Health Policy Open ISI:001135964800001 10.1016/j.hpopen.2023.100096 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010088923 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2024-02/010088923.pdf 4 Horizon (IRD) COVAX, the international initiative supporting COVID-19 vaccination campaigns globally, is budgeted to be the costliest public health initiative in low- and middle-income countries, with over 16 billion US dollars already committed. While some claim that the target of vaccinating 70% of people worldwide is justified on equity grounds, we argue that this rationale is wrong for two reasons. First, mass COVID-19 vaccination campaigns do not meet standard public health requirements for clear expected benefit, based on costs, disease burden and intervention effectiveness. Second, it constitutes a diversion of resources from more cost-effective and impactful public health programmes, thus reducing health equity. We conclude that the COVAX initiative warrants urgent review. 056 ; 052 UR196 Burkina Faso / République démocratique du Congo / Nigéria