@article{fdi:010088885,
  title = {{F}irst report of kdr mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene in the arbovirus vector, {A}edes aegypti, from {N}ouakchott, {M}auritania},
  author = {{L}emrabott, {M}. {A}. {O}. and {B}riolant, {S}. and {G}omez, {N}. and {B}asco, {L}eonardo and {B}oukhary, {A}. {O}. {M}. {S}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground {S}ince 2014, dengue epidemics have occurred almost annually in {N}ouakchott, the capital city of {M}auritania, coinciding with the recent establishment of {A}edes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue, in the city. {A}nopheles arabiensis, the primary vector of malaria, is also abundant not only in {N}ouakchott but also in most areas of the country. {R}esistance to insecticides has been studied in {A}n. arabiensis but not in {A}e. aegypti in {M}auritania. {T}he objective of the present study was to establish the baseline data on the frequencies of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene in {A}e. aegypti collected in {N}ouakchott to improve vector control.{M}ethods {R}esting {A}e. aegypti mosquitoes were collected in 2017 and 2018 in {T}eyarett and {D}ar {N}aim districts in {N}ouakchott using a battery-powered aspirator. {P}olymerase chain reaction ({PCR}) and {DNA} sequencing were performed to detect the presence of five kdr mutations known to be associated with pyrethroid resistance: {L}982{W}, {S}989{P}, {I}1011{M}/{G}, {V}1016{G}/{I}, and {F}1534{C}.{R}esults {A} total of 100 female {A}e. aegypti mosquitoes were identified among collected resting culicid fauna, of which 60% (60/100) were unfed, 12% (12/100) freshly blood-fed, and 28% (28/100) gravid. {A}mong the mutations investigated in this study, 989{P}, 1016{G}, and 1534{C} were found to be widespread, with the frequencies of 0.43, 0.44, and 0.55, respectively. {M}utations were not found in codons 982 and 1011. {N}o other mutations were detected within the fragments analyzed in this study. {G}enotype distribution did not deviate from {H}ardy-{W}einberg equilibrium. {T}he most frequent co-occurring point mutation patterns among {A}e. aegypti mosquitoes were the heterozygous individuals 989{SP}/1016{VG}/1534{FC} detected in 45.1% of mosquitoes. {I}n addition, homozygous mutant 1534{CC} co-occurred simultaneously with homozygous wild type 989{SS} and 1016{VV} in 30.5% of mosquito specimens. {I}nversely, homozygous wild-type 1534{FF} co-occurred simultaneously with homozygous mutant 989{PP} and 1016{GG} in 19.5% of the mosquitoes.{C}onclusions {T}o our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the presence of three point mutations in the vgsc gene of {A}e. aegypti in {M}auritania. {T}he findings of the present study are alarming because they predict a high level of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides which are commonly used in vector control in the country. {T}herefore, further studies are urgently needed, in particular phenotypic characterization of insecticide resistance using the standardized test.},
  keywords = {{A}edes aegypti ; {M}auritania ; {V}oltage-gated sodium channel ; kdr ; {P}oint mutation ; {P}yrethroids ; {MAURITANIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}arasites and {V}ectors},
  volume = {16},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {464 [8 ]},
  ISSN = {1756-3305},
  year = {2023},
  DOI = {10.1186/s13071-023-06066-8},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010088885},
}