@article{fdi:010088708,
  title = {{D}iversity and distribution of {O}rchidaceae in one of the world's most threatened plant hotspots ({M}adagascar)},
  author = {{D}roissart, {V}incent and {V}erlynde, {S}. and {R}amandimbisoa, {B}. and {A}ndriamahefarivo, {L}. and {S}t{\'e}vart, {T}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}ntroduction. {I}n recent decades, {M}adagascar has become one of the most important plant hotspots in the world. {T}he country's remaining forests and vegetation are disappearing at an alarming rate, while dozens of new species are discovered each year. {A}mongst the plant families that have long been studied, {O}rchidaceae appear as one of the most charismatic, diverse and of high conservation concern. {B}ased on a reviewed, comprehensive herbarium dataset, we have compiled a curated checklist of all orchid species occurring in {M}adagascar. {B}ased on this complete dataset, we then compiled sampling effort, species diversity distribution and some general statistics on their ecology and {IUCN} conservation status. {M}ethods. {W}e compiled and standardised a global dataset using five public databases as the main data sources, supplemented by the most recent publications. {T}he database contains similar to 10,000 geolocated records collected between 1816 and 2021. {W}e used {GIS} software and rarefaction methods to examine sampling and diversity patterns. {R}esults. {A}ccording to our dataset, there are currently 913 orchid species collected in {M}adagascar, of which 759 orchid species (83.1%) are endemic. {D}oubling the sampling effort could lead to the discovery of around 100 more species, bringing the total estimated number of orchid species in {M}adagascar to between 986 and 1048. {A}bout one-third (297 species) of all orchid species are known only by type specimens (189 species) or have not been collected in {M}adagascar for more than 50 years (214 species). {A}lthough the raw data show that the {A}ndasibe-{M}oramanga area would have the highest orchid species concentration, our analysis of the data, adjusted for bias, shows that the centres of orchid diversity in {M}adagascar are in the {T}saratanana {S}trict {N}ature {R}eserve and the {R}anomafana {N}ational {P}ark. {L}ife-form statistics show that 55.0% of orchid species are strict epiphytes. {T}he main flowering period of orchids in {M}adagascar is between {N}ovember and {M}arch. {T}o date, 84% of the 226 {M}alagasy orchid species listed in the {IUCN} {R}ed {L}ist are threatened with extinction ({CR}, {EN} or {VU}). {C}onclusion. {D}espite geographically uneven coverage, the biodiversity of {M}alagasy orchids appears to be already well documented. {W}e provide maps corrected for sampling bias that indicate priority areas for future surveys. {U}pcoming efforts should also focus on rediscovery and conservation of rare and/or threatened species and ensure that the protected area network is well aligned with the distribution of priority species for conservation. {F}inally, the conservation status of 75% of the orchid species found in {M}adagascar is not yet known and the inclusion of these species must be a top priority in the coming years.},
  keywords = {biodiversity hotspot ; {M}alagasy orchids ; plant database ; sampling gaps ; tropical {F}lora ; {MADAGASCAR} ; {ZONE} {TROPICALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{B}iodiversity {D}ata {J}ournal},
  volume = {11},
  numero = {},
  pages = {e106223 [15 ]},
  ISSN = {1314-2836},
  year = {2023},
  DOI = {10.3897/{BDJ}.11.e106223},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010088708},
}