@article{fdi:010088591,
  title = {{P}antropical {I}ndo-{A}tlantic temperature gradient modulates multi-decadal {AMOC} variability in models and observations},
  author = {{F}erster, {B}. {S}. and {B}orchert, {L}. {F}. and {M}ignot, {J}uliette and {M}enary, {M}. {B}. and {C}assou, {C}. and {F}edorov, {A}. {V}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}nterconnections between ocean basins are recognized as an important driver of climate variability. {R}ecent modeling evidence suggests that the {N}orth {A}tlantic climate can respond to persistent warming of the tropical {I}ndian {O}cean sea surface temperature ({SST}) relative to the rest of the tropics (r{TIO}). {H}ere, we use observational data to demonstrate that multi-decadal changes in pantropical ocean temperature gradients lead to variations of an {SST}-based proxy of the {A}tlantic {M}eridional {O}verturning {C}irculation ({AMOC}). {T}he largest contribution to this temperature gradient-{AMOC} connection comes from gradients between the {I}ndian and {A}tlantic {O}ceans. {T}he r{TIO} index yields the strongest connection of this tropical temperature gradient to the {AMOC}. {F}ocusing on the internally generated signal in three observational products reveals that an {SST}-based {AMOC} proxy index has closely followed low-frequency changes of r{TIO} temperature with about 26-year lag since 1870. {A}nalyzing the pre-industrial control simulations of 44 {CMIP}6 climate models shows that the {AMOC} proxy index lags simulated mid-latitude {AMOC} variations by 4 +/- 4 years. {T}hese model simulations reveal the mechanism connecting {AMOC} variations to pantropical ocean temperature gradients at a 27 +/- 2 years lag, matching the observed time lag in 28 out of the 44 analyzed models. r{TIO} temperature changes affect the {N}orth {A}tlantic climate through atmospheric planetary waves, impacting temperature and salinity in the subpolar {N}orth {A}tlantic, which modifies deep convection and ultimately the {AMOC}. {T}hrough this mechanism, observed internal r{TIO} variations can serve as a multi-decadal precursor of {AMOC} changes with important implications for {AMOC} dynamics and predictability.},
  keywords = {{OCEAN} {INDIEN} ; {ATLANTIQUE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {npj {C}limate and {A}tmospheric {S}cience},
  volume = {6},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {165 [8 p.]},
  ISSN = {2397-3722},
  year = {2023},
  DOI = {10.1038/s41612-023-00489-x},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010088591},
}