@article{fdi:010088589,
  title = {{I}mplication of agricultural practices in the micro-geographic heterogeneity of malaria transmission in {B}ouna, {C}ote d'{I}voire},
  author = {{B}eke, {O}. {A}. {H}. and {A}ssi, {S}. {B}. and {K}okrasset, {A}. {P}. {H}. and {D}ibo, {K}. {J}. {D}. and {T}anoh, {M}. {A}. and {D}anho, {M}. and {R}emou{\'e}, {F}ranck and {K}oudou, {G}. {B}. and {P}oinsignon, {A}nne},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground {W}etlands and irrigated agricultural crops create potential breeding sites for {A}nopheles mosquitoes, leading to a heterogeneity in malaria transmission. {I}n agricultural areas, heterogeneity of malaria transmission is often associated with the presence of hotspots consisting of localized clusters of higher transmission intensity. {T}his study aims to identify micro-geographic hotspots of malaria transmission in an agricultural setting using a multidisciplinary approach.{M}ethods {T}wo cross-sectional surveys were conducted at the end of the dry season and at the peak of the rainy season in rural and urban sites in {B}ouna, northeastern {C}ote d'{I}voire. {A} total of 296 individuals from 148 farming households were randomly selected and sociological, geographical, entomological, and clinical data as well as blood samples were collected during each visit. {P}arasitological data and {A}nopheles exposure (measured using entomological and immunological methods) were compared with demographic, agricultural, and geographic data to identify drivers of malaria transmission. {H}eat maps combining these data were used to identify households with ongoing malaria transmission throughout the year.{R}esults {I}n rural areas, {P}lasmodium prevalence was consistent between the dry and the rainy seasons, with roughly half of the population infected. {I}n urban areas, malaria transmission indicators were lower, with a parasite prevalence of less than 20%, which remained comparable between the dry and the rainy season. {T}he presence of irrigated crops and proximity to wetlands were associated with increased {A}nopheles exposure. {B}y mapping {P}lasmodium infection and {A}nopheles exposure, two different types of hotspots of malaria transmission were identified: micro-geographical scale and local scale hotspots. {C}onclusions {T}he presence of wetlands in urban areas and irrigated agriculture in rural areas resulted in heterogeneity in malaria transmission on a micro-geographical scale. {T}hese specific households present particular risk of malaria transmission and could fuel malaria transmission in surrounding households. {T}he identification of micro-geographical areas using heat maps combining several epidemiological parameters can help to identify hotspots of malaria transmission. {T}he implementation of malaria control measures, such as seasonal chemoprophylaxis or vector control, in these areas could help to reduce the incidence of malaria and facilitate its elimination.},
  keywords = {{M}alaria ; {H}otspot ; {M}icrogeographic heterogeneity ; {A}griculture practices ; {A}nopheles exposure ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}alaria {J}ournal},
  volume = {22},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {313 [16 p.]},
  year = {2023},
  DOI = {10.1186/s12936-023-04748-3},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010088589},
}