Andrianjakarivony F. H. auteur aut IRD Bettarel Yvan auteur aut IRD Desnues C. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf born digital access The disposal of sewage in significant quantities poses a health hazard to aquatic ecosystems. These effluents can contain a wide range of pathogens, making faecal contamination a leading source of waterborne diseases around the world. Yet monitoring bacteria or viruses in aquatic environments is time consuming and expensive. The standard indicators of faecal pollution all have limitations, including difficulty in determining the source due to lack of host specificity, poor connection with the presence of non-bacterial pathogens, or low environmental persistence. Innovative monitoring techniques are sorely needed to provide more accurate and targeted solutions. Viruses are a promising alternative to faecal indicator bacteria for monitoring, as they are more persistent in ambient water, more abundant in faeces, and are extremely host-specific. Given the range of viruses found in diverse contexts, it is not easy to find one "ideal" viral indicator of faecal pollution; however, several are of interest. In parallel, the ongoing development of molecular techniques coupled with metagenomics and bioinformatics should enable improved ways to detect faecal contamination using viruses. This review examines the evolution of faecal contamination monitoring with the following aims (i) to identify the characteristics of the main viral indicators of faecal contamination, including human enteric viruses, bacteriophages, CRESS and plant viruses, (ii) to assess how these have been used to monitor water pollution in recent years, (iii) to evaluate the reliability of recent detection methods of such viruses, and (iv) to tentatively determine which viruses may be most effective as markers of faecal pollution. specialized Virus Indicators Pollution Aquatic ecosystems Faeces 038 052 61 589-602 2023 1225-8873 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010088411 10.1007/s12275-023-00052-6 1225-8873 [F B010088411] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010088411 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2023-07/010088411.pdf Accès réservé (Intranet de l'IRD) IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2023-07-06 2026-06-12 fdi:010088411 fre