@article{fdi:010088382,
  title = {{H}uman milk nutritional composition across lactational stages in {C}entral {A}frica},
  author = {{M}oya-{A}lvarez, {V}ioleta and {E}ussen, {S}.{R}.{B}.{M}. and {M}ank, {M}. and {K}oyembi, {J}.{C}.{J}. and {N}yasenu, {Y}.{T}. and {N}gaya, {G}. and {M}ad-{B}ondo, {D}. and {K}ongoma, {J}.{B}. and {S}tahl, {B}. and {S}ansonetti, {P}.{J}. and {B}ourdet-{S}icard, {R}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {A}frican region encompasses the highest undernutrition burden with the highest neonatal and infant mortality rates globally. {U}nder these circumstances, breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to ensure child health and development. {H}owever, evidence on human milk ({HM}) composition from {A}frican women is scarce. {T}his is of special concern, as we have no reference data from {HM} composition in the context of food insecurity in {A}frica. {F}urthermore, data on the evolution of {HM} across lactational stages in this setting lack as well. {I}n the {MITICA} study, we conducted a cohort study among 48 {C}entral-{A}frican women and their 50 infants to analyze the emergence of gut dysbiosis in infants and describe the mother-infant transmission of microbiota between birth and 6 months of age. {I}n this context, we assessed nutritional components in {HM} of 48 lactating women in {C}entral {A}frica through five sampling times from week 1 after birth until week 25. {U}nexpectedly, {HM}- type {III} ({S}ecretor + and {L}ewis genes -) was predominant in {HM} from {C}entral {A}frican women, and some nutrients differed significantly among {HM}-types. {W}hile lactose concentration increased across lactation periods, fatty acid concentration did not vary significantly. {T}he overall median level of 16 detected individual human milk oligosaccharides ({HMO}s; core structures as well as fucosylated and sialylated ones) decreased from 7.3 g/l at week 1 to 3.5 g/l at week 25. {T}he median levels of total amino acids in {HM} dropped from 12.8 mg/ml at week 1 to 7.4 mg/ml at week 25. {I}n contrast, specific free amino acids increased between months 1 and 3 of lactation, e.g., free glutamic acid, glutamine, aspartic acid, and serine. {I}n conclusion, {HM}-type distribution and certain nutrients differed from {W}estern mother {HM}.},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {CENTRALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{F}rontiers in {N}utrition},
  volume = {9},
  numero = {},
  pages = {1033005 [22 ]},
  ISSN = {2296-861{X}},
  year = {2022},
  DOI = {10.3389/fnut.2022.1033005},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010088382},
}