@article{fdi:010088303,
  title = {{M}oderation of the association between {COVID}-19-related income loss and depression by receipt of financial support : repeated cross-sectional surveys of young adults in {C}anada and {F}rance (2020-2021)},
  author = {{C}oulaud, {P}. {J}. and {S}alway, {T}. and {J}esson, {J}. and {B}olduc, {N}. and {F}erlatte, {O}. and {B}ertrand, {K}. and {D}esgr{\'e}es du {L}oû, {A}nnabel and {J}enkins, {E}. and {J}auffret-{R}oustide, {M}. and {K}night, {R}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {T}o mitigate the adverse effects of the {COVID}-19 pandemic on financial resources, governments and family/friends mobilized financial support interventions (e.g., emergency aid funds) and assistance. {H}owever, little is known about how financial assistance alleviated mental health problems. {T}his study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of financial support from the government or from family/friends on the association be-tween income loss and depression among young adults.{M}ethods: {T}wo online cross-sectional surveys among young adults ages 18-29 living in {C}anada and {F}rance were conducted in 2020 (n = 4,511) and 2021 (n = 3,329). {M}oderate-to-severe depressive symptoms were measured using the {P}atient {H}ealth {Q}uestionnaire-9 (cut-off score: & {GE};10). {T}wo logistic regression models were performed for each survey with an interaction term between income loss and financial support (government or family/friends modeled separately), controlling for demographics.{R}esults: {O}verall, half reported depressive symptoms (2020/2021: 53.5%/45.6%), and over a third lost income (2020/2021: 10.2%/11.6% all income, 37.7%/21.6% some income). {I}n 2020, 40.6% received government financial support (17.7% in 2021) while family/friends support was received by 12% (in both surveys). {I}n both surveys, among those who received governmental financial support, income loss was associated with depression, whether participants lost all their income (e.g., 2020: {A}djusted {O}dds {R}atios ({AOR}) 1.75, 95% {C}onfidence {I}nterval [1.29-2.44]), or some of their income (e.g., 2020: {AOR} 1.45 [1.17-1.81]). {H}owever, among those who received family/friends financial support, income loss was no longer significantly associated with depression in both cycles, whether participants lost all their income (e.g., 2020: {AOR} 1.37 [0.78-2.40]), or some of their income (e. g., 2020: {AOR} 1.31 [0.86-1.99]).{C}onclusions: {A}ssociation between income loss and depression was moderated by receipt of family/friends financial support but not by receipt of government financial support. {F}inancial support interventions may help to mitigate the negative effects of income loss on young adults mental health during periods of economic crisis.},
  keywords = {{Y}oung adults ; {COVID}-19 ; {F}inancial support ; {D}epression ; {FRANCE} ; {CANADA}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{SSM} : {P}opulation {H}ealth},
  volume = {21},
  numero = {},
  pages = {101340 [12 ]},
  ISSN = {2352-8273},
  year = {2023},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101340},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010088303},
}