@article{fdi:010088223,
  title = {{A} simple, green and low-cost agarose-based binding layer for simultaneous determination of cations and anions in aquatic systems using {DGT}},
  author = {{E}ismann, {C}. {E}. and {M}enegario, {A}. {A}. and de {O}liveira, {E}. {G}. and {E}lias, {L}. {P}. and {V}iana, {J}. {L}. {M}. and {Z}anatta, {M}. {B}. {T}. and {B}arbi{\'e}ro, {L}aurent and {F}ostier, {A}. {H}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he diffusive gradients in thin films ({DGT}) technique pre-concentrates labile species of trace elements, giving time-integrated in situ information about their labile concentrations. {A}ll previous {DGT} approaches for simultaneous uptake of cations and anions have used the hazardous polyacrylamide reagent to immobilize the binding phase. {T}he present work proposes a diffusive layer of agarose and a mixed binding layer of {Z}r{O}2 and {C}helex 100 immobilized in an agarose hydrogel to simultaneously determine the labile concentration of cations ({M}n, {C}o, {N}i, {C}u, {Z}n and {C}d) and anions ({V}, {A}s, {S}e, {M}o and {S}b) in aquatic systems. {T}he use of both layers using agarose instead of carcinogenic polyacrylamide as the hydrogel significantly reduces the costs and simplifies the manufacturing process. {T}he proposed device was evaluated through recovery tests, deployment curves and p{H}/ionic strength tests. {T}he mixed binding layer was compared with commercially available {DGT} devices for in situ deployment in river water. {T}he relationships between accumulated mass and time (24 h) was linear (r(2) > 0.9) for all analytes. {T}he diffusion coefficients obtained were consistent with the literature, ranging from 3.98 to 8.43 x 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1). {E}xcept for {Z}n at p{H} 8.0, the obtained values of {C}-{DGT}/{C}-bulk were within the range of 1.00 & {PLUSMN}; 0.2 for the studied range of p{H} and for most ionic strengths. {H}owever, at low ionic strength, the concentrations of {M}n, {C}o, {N}i, {Z}n, {V} and {M}o were underestimated. {T}he concentrations of trace elements determined in river water using the proposed devices agreed with the labile concentrations determined by using commercial devices.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}nalytical {M}ethods},
  volume = {15},
  numero = {},
  pages = {3310--3317},
  ISSN = {1759-9660},
  year = {2023},
  DOI = {10.1039/d3ay00682d},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010088223},
}