de Nooijer L. J. auteur aut IRD Sampedro L. P. auteur aut IRD Jorissen F. J. auteur aut IRD Pawlowski J. auteur aut IRD Rosenthal Y. auteur aut IRD Dissard Delphine auteur aut IRD Reichart G. J. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Ongoing ocean acidification affects marine calcification, although the scope and magnitude of this impact is essentially unknown. Here, we investigate the evolutionary origin of shell building in foraminifera to understand the long-term interplay between ocean carbon chemistry and calcification. Our analysis of shell chemical composition reveals multiple, independent origins for foraminiferal calcification throughout the Phanerozoic. Differences between orders reflect the different physiological controls employed by foraminifera to take up Ca2+ and inorganic carbon from seawater for CaCO3 precipitation. With the long timespan involved, variability in seawater chemistry provided contrasting environments for calcification to arise, resulting in the diverse calci-fication strategies that exist today. This, in turn, explains the opposite responses of shell building to carbon perturbations. Our results call for adopting an evolutionary perspective when predicting the impact of pertur-bations on marine calcification and thereby, on the global carbon cycle. specialized Foraminifera Evolution Paleoclimate 034 064 021 243 104484 [7 p.] 2023 0012-8252 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010088219 10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104484 0012-8252 [F B010088219] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010088219 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2023-09/010088219.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2023-09-22 2025-02-24 fdi:010088219 fre