@article{fdi:010087761,
  title = {{P}hysical processes and biological productivity in the upwelling regions ofthe tropical {A}tlantic},
  author = {{B}randt, {P}. and {A}lory, {G}. and {A}wo, {F}. {M}. and {D}engler, {M}. and {D}jakoure, {S}. and {K}oungue, {R}. {A}. {I}. and {J}ouanno, {J}ulien and {K}orner, {M}. and {R}och, {M}. and {R}ouault, {M}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n this paper, we review observational and modelling results on the upwelling in the tropical {A}tlantic between 10 degrees {N} and 20 degrees {S}. {W}e focus on the physical processes that drive the seasonal variability of surface cooling and the upward nutrient flux required to explain the seasonality of biological productivity. {W}e separately consider the equatorial upwelling system, the coastal upwelling system of the {G}ulf of {G}uinea and the tropical {A}ngolan upwelling system. {A}ll three tropical {A}tlantic upwelling systems have in common a strong seasonal cycle, with peak biological productivity during boreal summer. {H}owever, the physical processes driving the upwelling vary between the three systems. {F}or the equatorial regime, we discuss the wind forcing of upwelling velocity and turbulent mixing, as well as the underlying dynamics responsible for thermocline movements and current structure. {T}he coastal upwelling system in the {G}ulf of {G}uinea is located along its northern boundary and is driven by both local and remote forcing. {P}articular emphasis is placed on the {G}uinea {C}urrent, its separation from the coast and the shape of the coastline. {F}or the tropical {A}ngolan upwelling, we show that this system is not driven by local winds but instead results from the combined effect of coastally trapped waves, surface heat and freshwater fluxes, and turbulent mixing. {F}inally, we review recent changes in the upwelling systems associated with climate variability and global warming and ad-dress possible responses of upwelling systems in future scenarios.},
  keywords = {{ATLANTIQUE} ; {ZONE} {TROPICALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{O}cean {S}cience},
  volume = {19},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {581--601},
  ISSN = {1812-0784},
  year = {2023},
  DOI = {10.5194/os-19-581-2023},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087761},
}