@article{fdi:010087694,
  title = {{M}olecular investigation of malaria-infected patients in {D}jibouti city (2018-2021)},
  author = {{M}oussa, {R}. {A}. and {M}ze, {N}. {P}. and {A}rreh, {H}. {Y}. and {H}amoud, {A}. {A}. and {A}laleh, {K}. {M}. and {O}mar, {A}. {R}. {Y}. and {A}bdi, {W}. {O}. and {G}uelleh, {S}. {K}. and {A}bdi, {A}. {I}. {A}. and {A}boubaker, {M}. {H}. and {B}asco, {L}eonardo and {K}haireh, {B}. {A}. and {B}ogreau, {H}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground {T}he {R}epublic of {D}jibouti is a malaria endemic country that was in pre-elimination phase in 2006-2012. {F}rom 2013, however, malaria has re-emerged in the country, and its prevalence has been increasing every year. {G}iven the co-circulation of several infectious agents in the country, the assessment of malaria infection based on microscopy or histidine-rich protein 2 ({HRP}2)-based rapid diagnostic tests ({RDT}) has shown its limitations. {T}his study, therefore, aimed to assess the prevalence of malaria among febrile patients in {D}jibouti city using more robust molecular tools. {M}ethods {A}ll suspected malaria cases reported to be microscopy-positive were randomly sampled (n = 1113) and included in four health structures in {D}jibouti city over a 4-year period (2018-2021), mainly during the malaria transmission season ({J}anuary-{M}ay). {S}ocio-demographic information was collected, and {RDT} was performed in most of the included patients. {T}he diagnosis was confirmed by species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction ({PCR}). {D}ata were analysed using {F}isher's exact test and kappa statistics. {R}esults {I}n total, 1113 patients with suspected malaria and available blood samples were included. {PCR} confirmed that 788/1113 (70.8%) were positive for malaria. {A}mong {PCR}-positive samples, 656 (83.2%) were due to {P}lasmodium falciparum, 88 (11.2%) {P}lasmodium vivax, and 44 (5.6%) {P}. falciparum/{P}. vivax mixed infections. {I}n 2020, {P}. falciparum infections were confirmed by {PCR} in 50% (144/288) of negative {RDT}s. {A}fter the change of {RDT} in 2021, this percentage decreased to 17%. {F}alse negative {RDT} results were found more frequently ({P} < 0.05) in four districts of {D}jibouti city ({B}albala, {Q}uartier 7, {Q}uartier 6, and {A}rhiba). {M}alaria occurred less frequently in regular bed net users than in non-users (odds ratio [{OR}]: 0.62, 95% confidence interval [{CI}]: 0.42-0.92).{C}onclusions{T}he present study confirmed the high prevalence of falciparum malaria and, to a lesser extent, vivax malaria. {N}evertheless, 29% of suspected malaria cases were misdiagnosed by microscopy and/or {RDT}. {T}here is a need to strengthen the capacity for diagnosis by microscopy and to evaluate the possible role of {P}. falciparum hrp2 gene deletion, which leads to false negative cases of {P}. falciparum.},
  keywords = {{M}alaria ; {P}lasmodium falciparum ; {P}lasmodium vivax ; {D}jibouti ; {E}pidemiology ; {PCR} ; {R}apid diagnostic test ; {DJIBOUTI}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}alaria {J}ournal},
  volume = {22},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {147 [14 ] + [{C}orrection. 2023, vol. 22, art. 147, 1 p.]},
  year = {2023},
  DOI = {10.1186/s12936-023-04546-x},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087694},
}