@article{fdi:010087660,
  title = {{E}cological and socioeconomic factors associated with the human burden of environmentally mediated pathogens : a global analysis},
  author = {{S}okolow, {S}. {H}. and {N}ova, {N}. and {J}ones, {I}. {J}. and {W}ood, {C}. {L}. and {L}afferty, {K}. {D}. and {G}architorena, {A}ndres and {H}opkins, {S}. {R}. and {L}und, {A}. {J}. and {M}ac{D}onald, {A}. {J}. and {L}e{B}oa, {C}. and {P}eel, {A}. {J}. and {M}ordecai, {E}. {A}. and {H}oward, {M}. {E}. and {B}uck, {J}. {C}. and {L}opez-{C}arr, {D}. and {B}arry, {M}. and {B}onds, {M}. {H}. and {D}e {L}eo, {G}. {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {B}illions of people living in poverty are at risk of environmentally mediated infectious diseases-that is, pathogens with environmental reservoirs that affect disease persistence and control and where environmental control of pathogens can reduce human risk. {T}he complex ecology of these diseases creates a global health problem not easily solved with medical treatment alone. {M}ethods:{W}e quantified the current global disease burden caused by environmentally mediated infectious diseases and used a structural equation model to explore environmental and socioeconomic factors associated with the human burden of environmentally mediated pathogens across all countries. {F}indings: {W}e found that around 80% (455 of 560) of {WHO}-tracked pathogen species known to infect humans are environmentally mediated, causing about 40% (129 488 of 359 341 disability-adjusted life years) of contemporary infectious disease burden (global loss of 130 million years of healthy life annually). {T}he majority of this environmentally mediated disease burden occurs in tropical countries, and the poorest countries carry the highest burdens across all latitudes. {W}e found weak associations between disease burden and biodiversity or agricultural land use at the global scale. {I}n contrast, the proportion of people with rural poor livelihoods in a country was a strong proximate indicator of environmentally mediated infectious disease burden. {P}olitical stability and wealth were associated with improved sanitation, better health care, and lower proportions of rural poverty, indirectly resulting in lower burdens of environmentally mediated infections. {R}arely, environmentally mediated pathogens can evolve into global pandemics (eg, {HIV}, {COVID}-19) affecting even the wealthiest communities. {I}nterpretation: {T}he high and uneven burden of environmentally mediated infections highlights the need for innovative social and ecological interventions to complement biomedical advances in the pursuit of global health and sustainability goals. {F}unding: {B}ill & {M}elinda {G}ates {F}oundation, {N}ational {I}nstitutes of {H}ealth, {N}ational {S}cience {F}oundation, {A}lfred {P}. {S}loan {F}oundation, {N}ational {I}nstitute for {M}athematical and {B}iological {S}ynthesis, {S}tanford {U}niversity, and the {US} {D}efense {A}dvanced {R}esearch {P}rojects {A}gency.},
  keywords = {{MONDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{L}ancet {P}lanetary {H}ealth},
  volume = {6},
  numero = {11},
  pages = {{E}870--{E}879 [10 p.]},
  year = {2022},
  DOI = {10.1016/{S}2542-5196(22)00248-0},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087660},
}