@article{fdi:010087527, title = {{P}hylogenomic analyses of {S}apindales support new family relationships, rapid {M}id-{C}retaceous {H}othouse diversification, and heterogeneous histories of gene duplication}, author = {{J}oyce, {E}. {M}. and {A}ppelhans, {M}. {S}. and {B}uerki, {S}. and {C}heek, {M}. and de {V}os, {J}. {M}. and {P}irani, {J}. {R}. and {Z}untini, {A}. {R}. and {B}achelier, {J}. {B}. and {B}ayly, {M}. {J}. and {C}allmander, {M}. {W}. and {D}evecchi, {M}. {F}. and {P}ell, {S}. {K}. and {G}roppo, {M}. and {L}owry, {P}. {P}. and {M}itchell, {J}. and {S}iniscalchi, {C}. {M}. and {M}unzinger, {J}{\'e}r{\^o}me and {O}rel, {H}. {K}. and {P}annell, {C}. {M}. and {N}auheimer, {L}. and {S}auquet, {H}. and {W}eeks, {A}. and {M}uellner-{R}iehl, {A}. {N}. and {L}eitch, {I}. {J}. and {M}aurin, {O}. and {F}orest, {F}. and {N}argar, {K}. and {T}hiele, {K}. {R}. and {B}aker, {W}. {J}. and {C}rayn, {D}. {M}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{S}apindales is an angiosperm order of high economic and ecological value comprising nine families, c. 479 genera, and c. 6570 species. {H}owever, family and subfamily relationships in {S}apindales remain unclear, making reconstruction of the order's spatio-temporal and morphological evolution difficult. {I}n this study, we used {A}ngiosperms353 target capture data to generate the most densely sampled phylogenetic trees of {S}apindales to date, with 448 samples and c. 85% of genera represented. {T}he percentage of paralogous loci and allele divergence was characterized across the phylogeny, which was time-calibrated using 29 rigorously assessed fossil calibrations. {A}ll families were supported as monophyletic. {T}wo core family clades subdivide the order, the first comprising {K}irkiaceae, {B}urseraceae, and {A}nacardiaceae, the second comprising {S}imaroubaceae, {M}eliaceae, and {R}utaceae. {K}irkiaceae is sister to {B}urseraceae and {A}nacardiaceae, and, contrary to current understanding, {S}imaroubaceae is sister to {M}eliaceae and {R}utaceae. {S}apindaceae is placed with {N}itrariaceae and {B}iebersteiniaceae as sister to the core {S}apindales families, but the relationships between these families remain unclear, likely due to their rapid and ancient diversification. {S}apindales families emerged in rapid succession, coincident with the climatic change of the {M}id-{C}retaceous {H}othouse event. {S}ubfamily and tribal relationships within the major families need revision, particularly in {S}apindaceae, {R}utaceae and {M}eliaceae. {M}uch of the difficulty in reconstructing relationships at this level may be caused by the prevalence of paralogous loci, particularly in {M}eliaceae and {R}utaceae, that are likely indicative of ancient gene duplication events such as hybridization and polyploidization playing a role in the evolutionary history of these families. {T}his study provides key insights into factors that may affect phylogenetic reconstructions in {S}apindales across multiple scales, and provides a state-of-the-art phylogenetic framework for further research.}, keywords = {{C}enomanian-{T}uronian {T}hermal {M}aximum ; phylogenomics ; target enrichment ; sequence capture ; {H}yb{S}eq ; paralogy}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{F}rontiers in {P}lant {S}cience}, volume = {14}, numero = {}, pages = {1063174 [24 p.]}, ISSN = {1664-462{X}}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.3389/fpls.2023.1063174}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087527}, }