@article{fdi:010087479,
  title = {{T}he impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome {C}oronavirus 2 vaccination and infection on neutralizing antibodies : a nation-wide cross-sectional analysis},
  author = {{A}lthaus, {T}. and {L}andier, {J}ordi and {Z}hu, {F}. and {R}aps, {H}. and {D}ejoux, {O}. and {C}ostantini, {A}. and {L}avagna, {C}. and {R}ampal, {P}. and {M}attiuzzo, {G}. and {X}u, {S}. {T}. and {W}ang, {L}. {F}. and {V}oiglio, {E}. {J}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n contrast to vaccination alone, hybrid immunity extended humoral protection against coronavirus disease 2019 ({COVID}-19) over a 12-month period, regardless of risk factors. {N}eutralizing antibody levels could guide future vaccine campaigns, targeting boosters to individuals at risk of severe {COVID}-2019. {B}ackground {N}eutralising antibodies (n{A}bs) play a critical role in the protection against severe {COVID}-19. {I}n the era of vaccine boosters and repeated {SARS}-{C}o{V}-2 outbreaks, identifying individuals at risk represents a public health priority. {M}ethods {R}elying on the {M}onaco {COVID} {P}ublic {H}ealth {P}rogramme, we evaluated n{A}bs from {J}uly 2021-{J}une 2022 in 8,080 {SARS}-{C}o{V}-2 vaccinated and/or infected children and adults, at their inclusion visit. {W}e stratified by infection status and investigated variables associated with n{A}bs using a generalised additive model. {R}esults {I}nfected and vaccinated participants had high and consistent n{A}bs (>800 {IU}/m{L}), which remained stable over time since injection, regardless of the number of vaccine doses, body mass index, sex, or age. {B}y contrast, uninfected participants showed larger variability (two doses [{V}2] median 157.6; interquartile range [{IQR}] 43.3-439.1 {IU}/m{L}) versus three doses [{V}3] median 882.5; [829.5-914.8] {IU}/m{L}). {NA}bs decreased by 20% per month after {V}2 (adjusted ratio 0.80; 95%{CI} [0.79-0.82]), but remained stable after {V}3 (adjusted ratio 0.98; 95%{CI} [0.92-1.05]). {C}onclusions {H}ybrid immunity provided stable, high and consistent n{A}bs over time. {T}he benefit of boosters was marked to restore decaying n{A}bs in uninfected participants. {NA}bs could identify individuals at risk of severe {COVID}-19 and provide more targeted vaccine boosters' campaigns.},
  keywords = {{COVID}-19 ; {K}ey words {SARS}-{C}o{V}-2 ; hybrid immunity ; neutralizing antibodies ; vaccination ; {MONACO}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {I}nfectious {D}iseases},
  volume = {[{E}arly access]},
  numero = {},
  pages = {[11 p.]},
  ISSN = {0022-1899},
  year = {2023},
  DOI = {10.1093/infdis/jiad030},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087479},
}