Horizon 1 1 17 ACLN : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture non répertoriées par l'AERES Medecine Anthropology Theory en ligne [28 ] AFRIQUE 2022 fdi:010087059 ENG Medecine Anthropology Theory 2405-691X 2 10.17157/mat.9.2.5611 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087059 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2023-07/010087059.pdf 9 Horizon (IRD) In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the addition of Disease X, a hypothetical infectious threat, to its blueprint list of priority diseases. In the construction of discourse that circulated following this announcement, conceptions of Disease X intersected with representations of Africa. In our article, we share a broad strokes analysis of internet narratives about Disease X and Africa in the six months before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (July-December 2019) and during its first six months (January-June 2020). Our analysis focuses on how the scientific concept of Disease X was applied by ?non-experts' to make meaning from risk, uncertainty, and response. These non-experts drew in parallel upon more general representations of power, fear, and danger. This research is particularly relevant at the time of writing, as online narratives about COVID-19 vaccination are shaping vaccine anxiety throughout the world by drawing upon similar conceptions of agency and inequality. Because Disease X in Africa still looms as a perceived future threat, considering the narratives presented in this paper can provide insight into how people create meaning when faced with a scientific concept, a global health crisis, and the idea that there are other crises yet to come. 050EPID ; 056SOCSAN ; 116RESCI ; 124COMMUN