@article{fdi:010086921,
  title = {{C}limate change in the arctic : testing the poleward expansion of ticks and tick-borne diseases},
  author = {{M}c{C}oy, {K}. {D}. and {T}oty, {C}{\'e}line and {D}upraz, {M}. and {T}ornos, {J}. and {G}amble, {A}. and {G}arnier, {R}. and {D}escamps, {S}. and {B}oulinier, {T}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{C}limate change is most strongly felt in the polar regions of the world, with significant impacts on the species that live there. {T}he arrival of parasites and pathogens from more temperate areas may become a significant problem for these populations, but current observations of parasite presence often lack a historical reference of prior absence. {O}bservations in the high {A}rctic of the seabird tick {I}xodes uriae suggested that this species expanded poleward in the last two decades in relation to climate change. {A}s this tick can have a direct impact on the breeding success of its seabird hosts and vectors several pathogens, including {L}yme disease spirochaetes, understanding its invasion dynamics is essential for predicting its impact on polar seabird populations. {H}ere, we use population genetic data and host serology to test the hypothesis that {I}. uriae recently expanded into {S}valbard. {B}oth black-legged kittiwakes ({R}issa tridactyla) and thick-billed murres ({U}ria lomvia) were sampled for ticks and blood in {K}ongsfjorden, {S}pitsbergen. {T}icks were genotyped using microsatellite markers and population genetic analyses were performed using data from 14 reference populations from across the tick's northern distribution. {I}n contrast to predictions, the {S}pitsbergen population showed high genetic diversity and significant differentiation from reference populations, suggesting long-term isolation. {H}ost serology also demonstrated a high exposure rate to {L}yme disease spirochaetes ({B}bsl). {T}argeted {PCR} and sequencing confirmed the presence of {B}orrelia garinii in a {S}pitsbergen tick, demonstrating the presence of {L}yme disease bacteria in the high {A}rctic for the first time. {T}aken together, results contradict the notion that {I}. uriae has recently expanded into the high {A}rctic. {R}ather, this tick has likely been present for some time, maintaining relatively high population sizes and an endemic transmission cycle of {B}bsl. {C}lose future observations of population infestation/infection rates will now be necessary to relate epidemiological changes to ongoing climate modifications.},
  keywords = {{B}orrelia ; colonial seabirds ; invasion ; {I}xodes uriae ; {I}xodidae ; {L}yme disease ; {R}issa tridactyla ; {S}valbard ; {U}ria lomvia ; {NORVEGE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{G}lobal {C}hange {B}iology},
  volume = {[{E}arly access]},
  numero = {},
  pages = {[12 ]},
  ISSN = {1354-1013},
  year = {2023},
  DOI = {10.1111/gcb.16617},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086921},
}