@article{fdi:010086883,
  title = {{B}artonella quintana transmitted by head lice : an outbreak of trench fever in {S}enegal},
  author = {{H}ammoud, {A}. and {L}ouni, {M}. and {F}enollar, {F}. and {B}assene, {H}. and {S}ambou, {M}. and {D}uclos, {N}. and {D}iatta, {G}eorges and {S}okhna, {C}heikh and {L}evasseur, {A}. and {R}aoult, {D}. and {M}ediannikov, {O}leg},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he current paradigm states trench fever transmission by body lice only. {W}e isolated identical strains of {B}artonella quintana from patients and headlice during trench fever outbreak. {C}onfirmation head lice vectorial capacity will impact the treatment and prevention of louse-borne diseases. {B}ackground {L}ouse-borne trench fever caused by {B}artonella quintana is a neglected public health concern, known to be transmitted from body louse feces via scratching. {N}o viable {B}. quintana have ever been isolated from head lice before; therefore, their role as a vector is still poorly understood. {M}ethods {I}n {S}enegal, the implementation of a permanent local surveillance system in a point-of-care laboratory ({POC}) allows the monitoring of emerging diseases. {H}ere we used culture as well as molecular and genomic approaches to document an outbreak of trench fever associated with head lice in the village of {N}diop. {H}ead lice and blood samples were collected from febrile patients between {N}ovember 2010 and {A}pril 2015. {G}enomes of 2 isolated strains of {B}. quintana were sequenced and analyzed. {R}esults {A} total of 2289 blood samples were collected in the 2010-2015 period. {F}rom 2010-2013, {B}. quintana {DNA} was detected by polymerase chain reaction ({PCR}) in 0.25% (4/1580). {I}n 2014, 228 blood samples were collected, along with 161 head lice from 5 individuals. {B}. quintana {DNA} was detected in 4.4% (10/228) of blood samples, and in lice specimens collected from febrile patients (61.7%, 50/81) and non-febrile patients (61.4%, 43/70). {T}wo {B}. quintana strains were isolated from blood and head lice from 2 different patients. {G}enomic sequence analysis showed 99.98% overall similarity between both strains. {C}onclusions {T}he presence of live {B}. quintana in head lice, and the genetic identity of strains from patients' blood and head lice during a localized outbreak in {S}enegal, supports the evidence of head lice vectorial capacity.},
  keywords = {{B}artonella quintana ; head lice ; blood samples ; genome ; molecular ; analysis ; {SENEGAL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}linical {I}nfectious {D}iseases},
  volume = {[{E}arly access]},
  numero = {},
  pages = {[9 p.]},
  ISSN = {1058-4838},
  year = {2023},
  DOI = {10.1093/cid/ciac937},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086883},
}