@article{fdi:010086848,
  title = {{C}hanging epidemiology of {P}lasmodium vivax malaria in {N}ouakchott, {M}auritania : a six-year (2015-2020) prospective study},
  author = {{E}l {M}oustapha, {I}. and {D}eida, {J}. and {D}adina, {M}. and {E}l {G}hassem, {A}. and {B}egnoug, {M}. and {H}amdinou, {M}. and {L}ekweiry, {K}. {M}. and {S}alem, {M}. {S}. {O}. {A}. and {K}halef, {Y}. and {S}emane, {A}. and {B}rahim, {K}. {O}. and {B}riolant, {S}. and {B}ogreau, {H}. and {B}asco, {L}eonardo and {B}oukhary, {A}. {O}. {M}. {S}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground{P}lasmodium vivax malaria is one of the major infectious diseases of public health concern in {N}ouakchott, the capital city of {M}auritania and the biggest urban setting in the {S}ahara. {T}he assessment of the current trends in malaria epidemiology is primordial in understanding the dynamics of its transmission and developing an effective control strategy.{M}ethods{A} 6 year (2015-2020) prospective study was carried out in {N}ouakchott. {F}ebrile outpatients with a clinical suspicion of malaria presenting spontaneously at {T}eyarett {H}ealth {C}entre or the paediatric department of {M}other and {C}hildren {H}ospital {C}entre were screened for malaria using a rapid diagnostic test, microscopic examination of {G}iemsa-stained blood films, and nested polymerase chain reaction. {D}ata were analysed using {M}icrosoft {E}xcel and {G}raph{P}ad {P}rism and {I}n{S}tat software.{R}esults{O}f 1760 febrile patients included in this study, 274 (15.5%) were malaria-positive by rapid diagnostic test, 256 (14.5%) were malaria-positive by microscopy, and 291 (16.5%) were malaria-positive by {PCR}. {P}lasmodium vivax accounted for 216 of 291 (74.2%) {PCR}-positive patients; 47 (16.1%) and 28 (9.6%) had {P}. falciparum monoinfection or {P}. vivax-{P}. falciparum mixed infection, respectively. {D}uring the study period, the annual prevalence of malaria declined from 29.2% in 2015 to 13.2% in 2019 and 2.1% in 2020 ({P} < 0.05). {M}alaria transmission was essentially seasonal, with a peak occurring soon after the rainy season ({O}ctober-{N}ovember), and {P}. vivax infections, but not {P}. falciparum infections, occurred at low levels during the rest of the year. {T}he most affected subset of patient population was adult male white and black {M}oors. {T}he decline in malaria prevalence was correlated with decreasing annual rainfall (r = 0.85; {P} = 0.03) and was also associated with better management of the potable water supply system. {A} large majority of included patients did not possess or did not use bed nets.{C}onclusions{C}ontrol interventions based on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment should be reinforced in {N}ouakchott, and {P}. vivax-specific control measures, including chloroquine and 8-aminoquinolines (primaquine, tafenoquine) for treatment, should be considered to further improve the efficacy of interventions and aim for malaria elimination.},
  keywords = {{A}nopheles arabiensis ; {C}limate changes ; {D}iagnosis ; {D}uffy antigen ; {E}pidemiology ; {M}alaria ; {P}lasmodium falciparum ; {P}lasmodium vivax ; {P}olymerase chain reaction ; {P}rimaquine ; {W}ater distribution ; {MAURITANIE} ; {NOUAKCHOTT}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}alaria {J}ournal},
  volume = {22},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {18 [14 ]},
  year = {2023},
  DOI = {10.1186/s12936-023-04451-3},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086848},
}