@article{fdi:010086694,
  title = {{C}limate change, migrations, and the peopling of sine-{S}aloum mangroves ({S}enegal) in the past 6000 years},
  author = {{C}arre, {M}. and {Q}uichaud, {L}. and {C}amara, {A}. and {A}zzoug, {M}. and {C}heddadi, {R}. and {O}choa, {D}. and {C}ardich, {J}. and {P}erez, {A}. and {S}alas-{G}ismondi, {R}. and {T}hebault, {J}. and {T}homas, {Y}oann},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}e present a reconstruction of human demography and shell fishing activity in the {S}ine-{S}aloum mangrove {D}elta ({S}enegal) in the past 6000 years using the summed probability density ({SPD}) of radiocarbon dates in archaeological shell middens. {W}e explore how this local history relates to the climatic and political history of {W}est {A}frica. {W}e find that traces of human presence were scarce from 6000 to 2000 yr {BP}, partly because the geomorphology of the estuary was less favorable to human settlements at that time. {A} specialized shell fishing population migrated massively to the {S}ine-{S}aloum around 2000 yr {BP}, at the end of the aridification trend that followed the {A}frican humid period. {T}his population, likely coming from the northern coast in search of land and resources, fleeing from aridity and the subsequent warfare, found refuge in the coastal mangroves and reached a maximum activity at about 1700 yr {BP}. {T}his period corresponds to the beginning of trans-{S}aharan trade, and to a political complexification that would give rise to the {G}hana empire. {T}he incoming migration may have occurred in two waves as suggested by two peaks in the {SPD} curve at 200-400 {CE} and 600-800 {CE} and by cultural differences within the {D}elta. {M}ost sites in the {S}ine-{S}aloum islands were abandoned in the early 15th century, before the arrival of {E}uropeans, possibly because intensive shell fishing was not sustainable anymore, or because of the regional political destabilization associated to the fall of the {G}hana empire and the beginning of the {M}ali empire. {S}hortly after, in agreement with oral traditions, a new population lead by the {M}anding {G}uelwars, moved to the {S}ine {S}aloum after a military defeat and founded the modern towns. {T}hey had a reduced shellfishing activity compared to previous inhabitants, possibly because activities were more oriented to the new trade with {E}uropeans or to a prosperous agriculture in more humid climatic conditions that prevailed from 1500 to 1800 {CE}.},
  keywords = {{W}est {A}frica ; {C}limate change ; history ; human migrations ; paleodemography ; shell middens ; mangroves ; radiocarbon ; {SENEGAL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{Q}uaternary {S}cience {R}eviews},
  volume = {293},
  numero = {},
  pages = {107688 [10 p.]},
  ISSN = {0277-3791},
  year = {2022},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107688},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086694},
}