@article{fdi:010086463,
  title = {{G}enomic epidemiological analysis of mcr-1-harboring {E}scherichia coli collected from livestock settings in {V}ietnam},
  author = {{N}guyen, {P}. {T}. {L}. and {N}go, {T}. {H}. {H}. and {T}ran, {T}. {M}. {H}. and {V}u, {T}. {N}. {B}. and {L}e, {V}. {T}. and {T}ran, {H}. {A}. and {P}ham, {D}. {T}. and {N}guyen, {H}. and {T}ran, {D}. {L}. and {N}guyen, {T}. {P}. {L}. and {N}guyen, {T}. {T}. {T}. and {T}ran, {N}. {D}. and {D}ang, {D}. {A}. and {B}anuls, {A}nne-{L}aure and {C}hoisy, {M}arc and van {D}oorn, {H}. {R}. and {S}uzuki, {M}. and {T}ran, {H}. {H}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{L}ivestock has been implicated as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance ({AMR}) genes that can spread to humans when antimicrobials are used in animals for food production to treat clinical diseases and prevent and control common disease events. {I}n {V}ietnam, mcr-1-harboring {E}scherichia coli ({MCRPEC}) strains have been isolated from humans, animals (chickens, pigs, and dogs) feces, flies, foods, and the environment (rainwater, well water, and irrigation water) in communities and from clinical specimens in hospitals. {T}he relationship between levels of {AMR} in livestock and its occurrence in humans is complex and is driven by many factors. {W}e conducted whole genome sequencing of {MCRPEC} to analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics, history, and relatedness of 50 isolates obtained in 2019 from different reservoirs in farms and markets in {H}a {N}am province, {V}ietnam. 34 sequence types ({ST}s) with 3 new {ST}s were identified in multilocus sequence typing analysis: {ST}12945 and {ST}12946 from chicken feces, and {ST}12947 from flies. {T}he {AMR} phenotypes of 50 {MCRPEC} isolates were as follows: ampicillin (100%, 50/50), cefotaxime (10%, 5/50), gentamicin (60%, 30/50), amikacin (8%, 4/50), meropenem (6%, 3/50), ceftazidime (18%, 9/50), colistin (24%, 12/50) and ciprofloxacin (80%, 40/50). {A}ll 50 {MCRPEC} isolates were identified as {MDR}. 100% (50/50) isolates carried {AMR} genes, ranging from 5 to 22 genes. {T}he most prevalent plasmid replicon types carrying mcr-1 were {I}nc{P}-1 (17/37, 45.9%), {I}nc{X}4 (7/37, 18.9%), and {I}nc{HI}2/{I}nc{HI}2{A} (6/37, 16.2%). {T}hese data suggest that the epidemiology of the mcr-1 gene is mostly determined by plasmid spreading instead of clonal dissemination of {MCRPE} strains. {T}he co-occurrence of several {ST}s such as {ST}10, {ST}48, {ST}155, {ST}206, {ST}2705 in various sample types, joined to the higher prevalence of a few types of {I}nc plasmids, confirms the dissemination of the mcr-1 carrying plasmids in {E}. coli clones established in livestock. 5 over 8 {ST}s identified in flies ({ST}206, {ST}2705, {ST}155, {ST}10, and {ST}48) suggested the fly contribution in the transmission of {AMR} bacteria in environments. {T}hese popular {ST}s also occur in human samples and 100% of the human samples were positive for the mcr-1 gene.},
  keywords = {mcr-1 ; {E} coli ; resistance ; livestock ; farm ; plasmid harboring mcr-1 ; colistin resistance ; antimicrobial resistance ; {VIET} {NAM}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{F}rontiers in {V}eterinary {S}cience},
  volume = {9},
  numero = {},
  pages = {1034610 [12 ]},
  year = {2022},
  DOI = {10.3389/fvets.2022.1034610},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086463},
}