@article{fdi:010086434, title = {{S}patial and temporal variability of the physical, carbonate and {CO}2 properties in the {S}outhern {O}cean surface waters during austral summer (2005-2019)}, author = {{B}randon, {M}argaux and {G}oyet, {C}. and {T}ouratier, {F}. and {L}ef{\`e}vre, {N}athalie and {K}estenare, {E}lodie and {M}orrow, {R}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{I}n situ measurements of sea surface temperature ({SST}), salinity ({SSS}), {T}otal {A}lkalinity ({AT}) and {T}otal {C}arbon ({CT}) were obtained during austral summer (mid-{F}ebruary to mid-{M}arch) from 2005 to 2019 in the {S}outhern {O}cean ({SO}), along a transect between {H}obart, {T}asmania and {D}umont d'{U}rville {F}rench {A}ntarctic {S}tation. {T}he studied transect is divided in four regions from {N}orth to {S}outh: the {S}ubtropical {Z}one ({STZ}), the {S}ubantarctic {R}egion ({SAR}), the {A}ntarctic {R}egion ({AAR}) and the {C}oastal {A}ntarctic {Z}one ({CAZ}). {L}atitudinal distribution of measured {SST}, {SSS}, {AT}, {CT} as well as calculated p{H}, {CO}2 parameters (seawater fugacity of {CO}2 (f{CO}2sw), difference between seawater and atmospheric f{CO}2 ({D}elta f{CO}2), {CO}2 flux ({FCO}2)) and satellite-derived {C}hlorophyll a ({C}hl-a) are dis-cussed. {W}e show that the variability of physical and carbonate parameters in the {STZ} and north of the {SAR} are related to the mesoscale activity. {I}n the {CAZ}, the freshwater inputs from sea-ice melting strongly impact the variability of all parameters. {T}he comparison between physical and carbonate parameters highlights that {AT} and {CT} are directly related to the latitudinal variability of {SST} and {SSS}. {S}tudy of the {CO}2 parameters shows that the transect is a sink of {CO}2 during {F}ebruary and {M}arch, with a mean {FCO}2 of-4.0 +/- 2.8 mmol m- 2 d-1. {T}he most negative values of {FCO}2 are found in the {STZ} and {SAR} north of 50 degrees {S} and in the {AAR} south of 62 degrees {S}, where biological activity is high. {N}ew simple empirical relationships are developed for {AT} from {SST} and {SSS} and for {CT} using {SST}, {SSS} and atmospheric f{CO}2 (f{CO}2atm) for the austral summer in the studied area. {U}sing high resolution {SSS} and {SST} from the {SURVOSTRAL} program, trends of {AT} and {CT} are determined in the {SAR} and the {AAR} from 2005 to 2019. {SST}, {SSS} and {AT} increase over this period in the {SAR}, which might be explained by the southward migration of the {S}ubtropical {F}ront. {I}n the {AAR}, no clear trend is detected. {CT} increases by 1.0 +/- 0.2 and 0.8 +/- 0.3 mu mol kg -1 yr- 1 in the {SAR} and {AAR} respectively. {T}he trend in the {AAR} is attributed to the increase in anthropogenic {CO}2 emissions in the atmosphere while, in the {SAR}, hydrographic changes also contribute to the increase. {U}sing the coefficient associated with f{CO}2atm in the equation of {CT}, we estimate the impact of atmo-spheric {CO}2 increase on {CT} at 1.18 +/- 0.14 mu mol kg -1 yr- 1 and 1.07 +/- 0.13 mu mol kg -1 yr- 1 in the {SAR} and {AAR} respectively. {D}ecreases in p{H} are observed in both regions (-0.0018 +/- 0.0001 and-0.0026 +/- 0.0003 yr- 1 in the {SAR} and {AAR} respectively), indicating the sensitivity of surface waters in the area towards the development of ocean acidification processes under rising anthropogenic emissions.}, keywords = {{S}outhern ocean ; {S}ea surface temperature and salinity ; {C}arbonate system ; {A}ir-sea {CO} 2 flux ; {S}patial variability ; {T}emporal variability ; {OCEAN} {ANTARCTIQUE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{D}eep-{S}ea {R}esearch {P}art {I} : {O}ceanographic {R}esearch {P}apers}, volume = {187}, numero = {}, pages = {103836 [11 p.]}, ISSN = {0967-0637}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103836}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086434}, }