@article{fdi:010086365,
  title = {{A}dvertising of unhealthy foods and beverages around primary and junior high schools in {G}hana's most urbanized and populous region},
  author = {{A}mevinya, {G}. {S}. and {V}andevijvere, {S}. and {K}elly, {B}. and {A}fagbedzi, {S}. {K}. and {A}ryeetey, {R}. and {A}djei, {A}. {P}. and {Q}uarpong, {W}. and {T}andoh, {A}. and {N}anema, {S}. and {A}gyemang, {C}. and {Z}otor, {F}. and {L}aar, {M}. {E}. and {M}ensah, {K}. and {L}aryea, {D}. and {A}siki, {G}. and {H}oldsworth, {M}ichelle and {L}aar, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}ntroduction{T}he advertising of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and beverages is a common feature in obesogenic food environments. {S}uch advertising, within and around settings where children live, learn, and play, negatively affects their food acquisition and consumption. {W}e examined the extent and nature of food and beverage advertising around primary and junior high schools in {G}hana's most populous and urbanized region, {G}reater {A}ccra. {M}aterials and methods{O}utdoor advertisements for foods and beverages within a 250 m road network distance of 200 randomly sampled schools were geocoded. {F}or each food and beverage advertisement, information was collected on the setting, type, size, and number of product types featured in the advertisement. {P}romotional techniques (promotional characters and premium offers) used in advertisements were documented. {A}dvertised foods and beverages were classified using the {INFORMAS} and {NOVA} food classification systems. {R}esults{A} total of 5,887 advertisements were identified around the schools surveyed, 42% of which were for foods and beverages. {A}dvertisements were most prevalent at food outlets (78% of all food advertisements), but also along roads and on non-food structures. {O}verall, 70% of food advertisements featured non-core/unhealthy products, while 12 and 14% had core/healthy and miscellaneous (including soup cubes, seasonings, and tea) products. {A}bout 4% of food advertisements had only a product/brand name or logo displayed. {O}ne out of two of the foods and beverages advertised were ultra-processed foods, 30% processed, 3% processed culinary ingredients, and 17% unprocessed or minimally processed foods. {S}ugar-sweetened beverages were the most advertised food product type (32%). {P}romotional characters were found on 14% of all food advertisements (most-69% were cartoons or manufacturer's characters), while 8% of all food advertisements had premium offers (including price discounts and gift/collectables). {C}onclusions{T}here is an abundance of unhealthy food advertisements around primary and junior high schools in the {G}reater {A}ccra {R}egion. {P}olicy actions such as restricting the promotion of unhealthy foods in children's settings are needed to protect pupils from such advertising practices.},
  keywords = {food environments ; food advertising ; unhealthy foods ; schools ; children ; {G}hana ; {GHANA}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{F}rontiers in {P}ublic {H}ealth},
  volume = {10},
  numero = {},
  pages = {917456 [13 p.]},
  year = {2022},
  DOI = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.917456},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086365},
}