%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Vasconez, F. J.
%A Samaniego, Pablo
%A Phillips, J.
%A Andrade, S. D.
%A Simbana, E.
%A Nogales, V.
%A Roman-Carrion, J. L.
%A Muller, A. V.
%A Vasquez, M. A.
%T Evidence of destructive debris flows at (pre-) Hispanic Cayambe settlements, Ecuador
%D 2022
%L fdi:010086313
%G ENG
%J Quaternary International
%@ 1040-6182
%K Debris flow ; Pre-Hispanic settlements ; Caranqui culture ; Cayambe ; Non-volcanic ; Post-eruptive
%K ÉQUATEUR ; ANDES
%M ISI:000863316000006
%P 65-80
%R 10.1016/j.quaint.2022.06.006
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086313
%> https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-11/010086313.pdf
%V 634
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X In Ecuador, a country with numerous potentially active volcanoes, recurrent large earthquakes, and regular climate-related events, it is surmised that phenomena such as debris flows have affected pre-Hispanic pop-ulations since their settlement in-5000 cal BC. Here, using a multidisciplinary approach, we studied the most recent debris flow events that affected the Cayambe city area, located 15 km west of the active glacier-clad Cayambe volcano. Based on detailed characterization of the deposits, including sedimentological, archaeolog-ical, and paleontological analyses, as well as radiocarbon dating. We found that two debris flow (i.e., Rio Blanco I and II) destroyed Caranqui settlements in 665-775 cal AD and 774-892 cal AD, respectively, while another event impacted a Spanish colonial farm in 1590-1620 cal AD (Rio Blanco III). The grain size distribution of these deposits indicates a gravel-rich flow for Rio Blanco I and clay-rich flow for Rio Blanco II and III, whilst com-ponentry suggests low juvenile volcanic content for all three deposits. Juvenile components include pumice and lustrous dense dacites, while accidental clasts are dull dense dacites, oxidized and hydrothermally-altered ma-terial, as well as archaeological artifacts. These results, in addition to radiocarbon ages, suggest that the debris flows could either be post-eruptive or not related to volcanic eruptions. Potential non-volcanic trigger mecha-nisms for these events include rainfall and/or earthquakes, which implies that they can occur at any time and without forecast. Currently, the city of Cayambe is rapidly expanding and, consequently, our findings are rele-vant for creating impact scenarios for future debris flows forming in the Rio Blanco headwaters and descending to the city.
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