@article{fdi:010086313,
  title = {{E}vidence of destructive debris flows at (pre-) {H}ispanic {C}ayambe settlements, {E}cuador},
  author = {{V}asconez, {F}. {J}. and {S}amaniego, {P}ablo and {P}hillips, {J}. and {A}ndrade, {S}. {D}. and {S}imbana, {E}. and {N}ogales, {V}. and {R}oman-{C}arrion, {J}. {L}. and {M}uller, {A}. {V}. and {V}asquez, {M}. {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n {E}cuador, a country with numerous potentially active volcanoes, recurrent large earthquakes, and regular climate-related events, it is surmised that phenomena such as debris flows have affected pre-{H}ispanic pop-ulations since their settlement in-5000 cal {BC}. {H}ere, using a multidisciplinary approach, we studied the most recent debris flow events that affected the {C}ayambe city area, located 15 km west of the active glacier-clad {C}ayambe volcano. {B}ased on detailed characterization of the deposits, including sedimentological, archaeolog-ical, and paleontological analyses, as well as radiocarbon dating. {W}e found that two debris flow (i.e., {R}io {B}lanco {I} and {II}) destroyed {C}aranqui settlements in 665-775 cal {AD} and 774-892 cal {AD}, respectively, while another event impacted a {S}panish colonial farm in 1590-1620 cal {AD} ({R}io {B}lanco {III}). {T}he grain size distribution of these deposits indicates a gravel-rich flow for {R}io {B}lanco {I} and clay-rich flow for {R}io {B}lanco {II} and {III}, whilst com-ponentry suggests low juvenile volcanic content for all three deposits. {J}uvenile components include pumice and lustrous dense dacites, while accidental clasts are dull dense dacites, oxidized and hydrothermally-altered ma-terial, as well as archaeological artifacts. {T}hese results, in addition to radiocarbon ages, suggest that the debris flows could either be post-eruptive or not related to volcanic eruptions. {P}otential non-volcanic trigger mecha-nisms for these events include rainfall and/or earthquakes, which implies that they can occur at any time and without forecast. {C}urrently, the city of {C}ayambe is rapidly expanding and, consequently, our findings are rele-vant for creating impact scenarios for future debris flows forming in the {R}io {B}lanco headwaters and descending to the city.},
  keywords = {{D}ebris flow ; {P}re-{H}ispanic settlements ; {C}aranqui culture ; {C}ayambe ; {N}on-volcanic ; {P}ost-eruptive ; É{QUATEUR} ; {ANDES}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{Q}uaternary {I}nternational},
  volume = {634},
  numero = {},
  pages = {65--80},
  ISSN = {1040-6182},
  year = {2022},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.quaint.2022.06.006},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086313},
}