@incollection{fdi:010086278,
  title = {{E}mergence of {B}oko {H}aram and gradual spread of the conflict},
  author = {{P}{\'e}rouse de {M}ontclos, {M}arc-{A}ntoine},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}oko {H}aram, an {I}slamist sect turned armed movement, first developed in {N}igeria with rear bases in neighbouring countries. {I}n 2014-2015, the insurgents expanded their theatre of operations into {C}ameroon, and then into {N}iger and {C}had, as an anti-terrorist coalition was set up. {T}he highly fragmented group then retreated into the region's bush but continued to carry out attacks, particularly suicide bombings. {I}ts capacity for resilience raises questions about the causes of the insurgency. {C}limate change is hardly a convincing explanation for the conflict, no more than is the theory of {S}alafist indoctrination, which has played a very marginal role in the ongoing hostilities. {N}or is it an ethnic liberation front, although the majority of {B}oko {H}aram are {K}anuri speakers. {G}iven the immense poverty in the area, it is worth looking instead into the social and political conditions behind the group's emergence and radicalisation. {C}orruption, state dysfunctions, a brutal military crackdown, and the suffering it has caused to the civilian population are key factors behind the insurgency and its continuation.},
  keywords = {{TERRORISME} ; {SECTE} ; {SYSTEME} {POLITIQUE} ; {ARMEE} ; {GUERRE} ; {RELIGION} ; {POUVOIR} {EXECUTIF} ; {PARTI} {POLITIQUE} ; {ISLAM} ; {MOUVEMENT} {ISLAMIQUE} ; {LUTTE} {ANTITERRORISTE} ; {SECTE} {BOKO} {HARAM} ; {TCHAD} {LAC} ; {NIGERIA} ; {CAMEROUN} ; {NIGER} ; {TCHAD}},
  booktitle = {{C}risis and development : the lake {C}had region and {B}oko {H}aram},
  numero = {},
  pages = {117--148},
  address = {{P}aris},
  publisher = {{AFD}},
  series = {},
  year = {2018},
  ISBN = {978-2-37902-009-4},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086278},
}