@article{fdi:010086123,
  title = {{F}orecasting and communicating the dispersion and fallout of ash during volcanic eruptions : lessons from the {S}eptember 20, 2020 eruptive pulse at {S}angay volcano, {E}cuador},
  author = {{B}ernard, {B}. and {S}amaniego, {P}ablo and {M}astin, {L}. and {H}ernandez, {S}. and {P}ino, {G}. and {K}ibler, {J}. and {E}ncalada, {M}. and {H}idalgo, {S}. and {V}izuete, {N}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{V}olcanic ash is a hazard to human health and activities. {A}ccurate and timely forecasts coupled with effective communication about the dispersion and fallout of volcanic ash during explosive events are essential to reduce impacts on local communities and limit economic losses. {I}n this study, we present the first detailed description of an eruptive pulse at {S}angay volcano and its eruption source parameters. {T}he eruptive pulse on {S}eptember 20, 2020, started at about 9:20 {UTC} and lasted between 90 and 100 min, producing an eruptive column that rapidly separated into (1) a higher (15.2 km above sea level, asl), gas-rich cloud moving east-southeast and (2) a lower (12.2 km asl), ash-rich cloud moving west and causing ash fallout up to 280 km from the volcano. {F}ield data collected immediately after the event allow estimating the volume of bulk tephra to be between 1.5 and 5.0 x 10(6) m(3), corresponding to a volcanic explosivity index of 2. {T}he eruptive pulse, identified as violent {S}trombolian, emitted andesitic ash that was more mafic than products ejected by {S}angay volcano in recent decades. {C}omponent analysis and glass chemistry of juvenile particles support the hypothesis that this event excavated deeper into the upper conduit compared to typical {S}trombolian activity at {S}angay volcano, while grain-size analysis allows reconstruction of the total grain-size distribution of the fallout deposit. {T}he discrepancies between the ash fallout simulations performed with the {A}sh3{D} online tool and the actual deposit are mainly the result of inaccurate pre- and syn-eruptive configurations and highlight the importance of additional processes such as aggregation. {C}ommunication products issued during the event included (1) several standard short reports, (2) volcano observatory notices for aviation, (3) social media posts, and (4) a special report providing the results of the ash fallout simulation. {A}lthough communication was effective with the authorities and the connected population, an effort must be made to reach the most vulnerable isolated communities for future events. {T}his study shows that forecasting ash dispersion and fallout during volcanic eruptions can guide early warnings and trigger humanitarian actions, and should become a standard in volcano observatories worldwide.},
  keywords = {{S}angay ; forecasting ; communication ; {A}sh3d ; eruption source parameters ; violent {S}trombolian ; grain-size distribution ; {EQUATEUR} ; {SANGAY} {VOLCAN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{F}rontiers in {E}arth {S}cience},
  volume = {10},
  numero = {},
  pages = {912835 [22 ]},
  year = {2022},
  DOI = {10.3389/feart.2022.912835},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086123},
}