Auber A. auteur aut IRD Waldock C. auteur aut IRD Maire A. auteur aut IRD Goberville E. auteur aut IRD Albouy C. auteur aut IRD Algar A. C. auteur aut IRD McLean M. auteur aut IRD Brind'Amour A. auteur aut IRD Green A. L. auteur aut IRD Tupper M. auteur aut IRD Vigliola Laurent auteur aut IRD Kaschner K. auteur aut IRD Kesner-Reyes K. auteur aut IRD Beger M. auteur aut IRD Tjiputra J. auteur aut IRD Toussaint A. auteur aut IRD Violle C. auteur aut IRD Mouquet N. auteur aut IRD Thuiller W. auteur aut IRD Mouillot D. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access At a time when protecting the environment is urgent, dealing with inherent uncertainties in the responses of biodiversity to disturbances is essential. This study promotes a promising tool to assess the vulnerability of species assemblages to guide protection efforts even if species response and disturbance regimes are poorly documented. Setting appropriate conservation strategies in a multi-threat world is a challenging goal, especially because of natural complexity and budget limitations that prevent effective management of all ecosystems. Safeguarding the most threatened ecosystems requires accurate and integrative quantification of their vulnerability and their functioning, particularly the potential loss of species trait diversity which imperils their functioning. However, the magnitude of threats and associated biological responses both have high uncertainties. Additionally, a major difficulty is the recurrent lack of reference conditions for a fair and operational measurement of vulnerability. Here, we present a functional vulnerability framework that incorporates uncertainty and reference conditions into a generalizable tool. Through in silico simulations of disturbances, our framework allows us to quantify the vulnerability of communities to a wide range of threats. We demonstrate the relevance and operationality of our framework, and its global, scalable and quantitative comparability, through three case studies on marine fishes and mammals. We show that functional vulnerability has marked geographic and temporal patterns. We underline contrasting contributions of species richness and functional redundancy to the level of vulnerability among case studies, indicating that our integrative assessment can also identify the drivers of vulnerability in a world where uncertainty is omnipresent. specialized 021 020 036 13 1 4774 [13 p.] 2022 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086058 10.1038/s41467-022-32331-y [F B010086058] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086058 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-10/010086058.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2022-10-07 2025-02-24 fdi:010086058 fre