@article{fdi:010085956,
  title = {{G}eographic distribution of the {V}1016{G} knockdown resistance mutation in {A}edes albopictus : a warning bell for {E}urope},
  author = {{P}ichler, {V}. and {C}aputo, {B}. and {V}aladas, {V}. and {M}icocci, {M}. and {H}orvath, {C}. and {V}irgillito, {C}. and {A}kiner, {M}. and {B}alatsos, {G}. and {B}ender, {C}. and {B}esnard, {G}. and {B}ravo-{B}arriga, {D}. and {B}ueno-{M}ari, {R}. and {C}ollantes, {F}. and {D}elacour-{E}strella, {S}. and {D}ikolli, {E}. and {F}alcuta, {E}. and {F}lacio, {E}. and {G}arcia-{P}erez, {A}. {L}. and {K}alan, {K}. and {K}avran, {M}. and {L}'{A}mbert, {G}. and {L}ia, {R}. {P}. and {M}arabuto, {E}. and {M}edialdea, {R}. and {M}elero-{A}lcibar, {R}. and {M}ichaelakis, {A}. and {M}ihalca, {A}. and {M}ikov, {O}. and {M}iranda, {M}. {A}. and {M}uller, {P}. and {O}tranto, {D}. and {P}ajovic, {I}. and {P}etric, {D}. and {R}ebelo, {M}. {T}. and {R}obert, {V}incent and {R}ogozi, {E}. and {T}ello, {A}. and {Z}itko, {T}. and {S}chaffner, {F}. and {P}into, {J}. and {D}ella {T}orre, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {C}olonization of large part of {E}urope by the {A}sian tiger mosquito {A}edes albopictus is causing autochthonous transmission of chikungunya and dengue exotic arboviruses. {W}hile pyrethroids are recommended only to reduce/limit transmission, they are widely implemented to reduce biting nuisance and to control agricultural pests, increasing the risk of insurgence of resistance mechanisms. {W}orryingly, pyrethroid resistance (with mortality < 70%) was recently reported in {A}e. albopictus populations from {I}taly and {S}pain and associated with the {V}1016{G} point mutation in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene conferring knockdown resistance (kdr). {G}enotyping pyrethroid resistance-associated kdr mutations in field mosquito samples represents a powerful approach to detect early signs of resistance without the need for carrying out phenotypic bioassays which require availability of live mosquitoes, dedicated facilities and appropriate expertise. {M}ethods: {H}ere we report results on the {PCR}-genotyping of the {V}1016{G} mutation in 2530 {A}e. albopictus specimens from 69 sampling sites in 19 {E}uropean countries. {R}esults: {T}he mutation was identified in 12 sites from nine countries (with allele frequencies ranging from 1 to 8%), mostly distributed in two geographical clusters. {T}he western cluster includes {M}editerranean coastal sites from {I}taly, {F}rance and {M}alta as well as single sites from both {S}pain and {S}witzerland. {T}he eastern cluster includes sites on both sides of the {B}lack {S}ea in {B}ulgaria, {T}urkey and {G}eorgia as well as one site from {R}omania. {T}hese results are consistent with genomic data showing high connectivity and close genetic relationship among {W}est {E}uropean populations and a major barrier to gene flow between {W}est {E}uropean and {B}alkan populations. {C}onclusions: {T}he results of this first effort to map kdr mutations in {A}e. albopictus on a continental scale show a widespread presence of the {V}1016{G} allele in {E}urope, although at lower frequencies than those previously reported from {I}taly. {T}his represents a wake-up call for mosquito surveillance programs in {E}urope to include {PCR}-genotyping of pyrethroid resistance alleles, as well as phenotypic resistance assessments, in their routine activities.},
  keywords = {{M}osquito ; {A}edes albopictus ; {I}nsecticide resistance ; {K}dr ; {E}urope ; {I}ntegrated vector management ; {A}rbovirus vector ; {V}ector control ; {EUROPE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}arasites and {V}ectors},
  volume = {15},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {280 [7 p.]},
  ISSN = {1756-3305},
  year = {2022},
  DOI = {10.1186/s13071-022-05407-3},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010085956},
}