@article{fdi:010085907, title = {{A} mutant-based analysis of the establishment of {N}od-independent symbiosis in the legume {A}eschynomene evenia}, author = {{Q}uilbe, {J}. and {N}ouwen, {N}ico and {P}ervent, {M}. and {G}uyonnet, {R}emi and {C}ullimore, {J}. and {G}ressent, {F}. and {A}raujo, {N}. {H}. and {G}ully, {D}jamel and {K}lopp, {C}. and {G}iraud, {E}ric and {A}rrighi, {J}ean-{F}ran{\c{c}}ois}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{C}haracterization of {A}eschynomene evenia mutants altered in nodulation provides information on alternative mechanisms of rhizobium-legume symbiosis {I}ntensive research on nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in two model legumes has uncovered the molecular mechanisms, whereby rhizobial {N}od factors activate a plant symbiotic signaling pathway that controls infection and nodule organogenesis. {I}n contrast, the so-called {N}od-independent symbiosis found between {A}eschynomene evenia and photosynthetic bradyrhizobia, which does not involve {N}od factor recognition nor infection thread formation, is less well known. {T}o gain knowledge on how {N}od-independent symbiosis is established, we conducted a phenotypic and molecular characterization of {A}. evenia lines carrying mutations in different nodulation genes. {B}esides investigating the effect of the mutations on rhizobial symbiosis, we examined their consequences on mycorrhizal symbiosis and in nonsymbiotic conditions. {A}nalyzing allelic mutant series for {A}e{POLLUX}, {C}a2+/calmodulin dependent kinase, {A}e{CYCLOPS}, nodulation signaling pathway 2 ({A}e{NSP}2), and nodule inception demonstrated that these genes intervene at several stages of intercellular infection and during bacterial accommodation. {W}e provide evidence that {A}e{NSP}2 has an additional nitrogen-dependent regulatory function in the formation of axillary root hairs at lateral root bases, which are rhizobia-colonized infection sites. {O}ur investigation of the recently discovered symbiotic actor cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase specified that it is not involved in mycorrhization; however, it is essential for both symbiotic signaling and early infection during nodulation. {T}hese findings provide important insights on the modus operandi of {N}od-independent symbiosis and contribute to the general understanding of how rhizobial-legume symbioses are established by complementing the information acquired in model legumes.}, keywords = {}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{P}lant {P}hysiology}, volume = {190}, numero = {2}, pages = {1400--1417}, ISSN = {0032-0889}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1093/plphys/kiac325}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010085907}, }