@article{fdi:010085506,
  title = {{C}ity life in the midst of the forest : a {P}unan hunter-gatherer's vision of conservation and development},
  author = {{L}evang, {P}atrice and {S}itorus, {S}. and {D}ounias, {E}dmond},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {P}unan {T}ubu, a group of hunter-gatherers in {E}ast-{K}alimantan, {I}ndonesia, are used to illustrate the very real trade-offs that are made between conservation and development. {T}his group has undergone various forms of resettlement in the 20(th) century, to the point that some are now settled close to the city of {M}alinau whereas others remain in remote locations in the upper {T}ubu catchment. {T}his study is based on several years of ethnographic and household analysis. {T}he {P}unan clearly favor both conservation and development. {I}n the city, the {P}unan benefit from all positive effects of development. {C}hild and infant mortality rates are very low, and illiteracy has been eradicated among the younger generation. {H}owever, the {P}unan complain that nothing in town is free. {T}he older generation, in particular, resents the loss of {P}unan culture. {B}ecause of frustration and unemployment, young people often succumb to alcoholism and drug addiction. {T}he {P}unan do not want to choose between conservation and development, between forest life and city life. {T}hey want to benefit from the advantages of both locations, to enjoy both free forest products and the positive aspects of modern life, to go wild boar hunting in the morning and watch television in the evening. {I}n short, they want to enjoy city life in the midst of the forest. {T}he same kind of contradiction has led to identity problems. {T}hey want to uphold the traditional life of the hunter-gatherer, but at the same time they reject marginalization and seek integration into the larger society. {I}n short, they want integration without loss of identity. {T}he settlement of {S}ule-{P}ipa illustrates how some groups have dealt with the contradiction more successfully. {T}hanks to good organization and charitable donations, they have secured educational facilities and basic health care, and marketing costs are reduced by collectively organized road and river transportation. {T}he economy of the village is thriving, mainly because of the collection of forest products from the primary forest. {R}emoteness has saved the community from intensive logging, from uncontrolled and excessive exploitation of local forest products by outsiders, and from forest conversion. {B}ut few remote communities enjoy the luxury of charitable injections of funds, and roads will be built to the remote locations sooner or later. {H}owever, playing for time can help the {P}unan develop the capacity and ability to cope with a competitive developed world and maintain their cultural identity.},
  keywords = {{INDONESIE} ; {KALIMANTAN} {EST}},
  booktitle = {{N}avigating trade-offs : working for conservation and development outcomes},
  journal = {{E}cology and {S}ociety},
  volume = {12},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {18 [16 ]},
  ISSN = {1708-3087},
  year = {2007},
  DOI = {10.5751/{ES}-02036-120118},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010085506},
}