@article{fdi:010085317, title = {{T}he ecology and evolution of human-wildlife cooperation}, author = {{C}ram, {D}. {L}. and van der {W}al, {J}. {E}. {M}. and {U}omini, {N}. and {C}antor, {M}. and {A}fan, {A}. {I}. and {A}ttwood, {M}. {C}. and {A}mphaeris, {J}. and {B}alasani, {F}. and {B}lair, {C}. {J}. and {B}ronstein, {J}. {L}. and {B}uanachique, {I}. {O}. and {C}uthill, {R}. {R}. {T}. and {D}as, {J}. and {D}aura-{J}orge, {F}. {G}. and {D}eb, {A}. and {D}ixit, {T}. and {D}lamini, {G}. {S}. and {D}ounias, {E}dmond and {G}edi,, {II} and {G}ruber, {M}. and {H}offmann, {L}. {S}. and {H}olzlehner, {T}. and {I}sack, {H}. {A}. and {L}altaika, {E}. {A}. and {L}loyd-{J}ones, {D}. {J}. and {L}und, {J}. and {M}achado, {A}. {M}. {S}. and {M}ahadevan, {L}. and {M}oreno, {I}. {B}. and {N}waogu, {C}. {J}. and {P}ierotti, {R}. and {R}ucunua, {S}. {A}. and dos {S}antos, {W}. {F}. and {S}erpa, {N}. and {S}mith, {B}. {D}. and {S}ridhar, {H}. and {T}olkova, {I}. and {T}un, {T}. and {V}alle-{P}ereira, {J}. {V}. {S}. and {W}ood, {B}. {M}. and {W}rangham, {R}. {W}. and {S}pottiswoode, {C}. {N}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{H}uman-wildlife cooperation is a type of mutualism in which a human and a wild, free-living animal actively coordinate their behaviour to achieve a common beneficial outcome. {W}hile other cooperative human-animal interactions involving captive coercion or artificial selection (including domestication) have received extensive attention, we lack integrated insights into the ecology and evolution of human-wildlife cooperative interactions. {H}ere, we review and synthesise the function, mechanism, development, and evolution of human-wildlife cooperation. {A}ctive cases involve people cooperating with greater honeyguide birds and with two dolphin species, while historical cases involve wolves and orcas. {I}n all cases, a food source located by the animal is made available to both species by a tool-using human, coordinated with cues or signals. {T}he mechanisms mediating the animal behaviours involved are unclear, but they may resemble those underlying intraspecific cooperation and reduced neophobia. {T}he skills required appear to develop at least partially by social learning in both humans and the animal partners. {A}s a result, distinct behavioural variants have emerged in each type of human-wildlife cooperative interaction in both species, and human-wildlife cooperation is embedded within local human cultures. {W}e propose multiple potential origins for these unique cooperative interactions, and highlight how shifts to other interaction types threaten their persistence. {F}inally, we identify key questions for future research. {W}e advocate an approach that integrates ecological, evolutionary and anthropological perspectives to advance our understanding of human-wildlife cooperation. {I}n doing so, we will gain new insights into the diversity of our ancestral, current and future interactions with the natural world. {R}ead the free {P}lain {L}anguage {S}ummary for this article on the {J}ournal blog.}, keywords = {animal culture ; cooperation ; dolphins ; honeyguides ; human-wildlife ; interaction ; mutualism ; orcas ; social learning ; wolves}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{P}eople and {N}ature}, volume = {[{E}arly access]}, numero = {}, pages = {[15 p.]}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1002/pan3.10369}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010085317}, }