@article{fdi:010085009,
  title = {{XBT} temperature errors during {F}rench research cruises (1999-2007)},
  author = {{R}everdin, {G}. and {M}arin, {F}r{\'e}d{\'e}ric and {B}ourl{\`e}s, {B}ernard and {L}'{H}erminier, {P}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{D}ata from {F}rench cruises in 1999-2007, a period during which {D}eep {B}lue ({DB}) or {T}7 expendable bathythermographs ({XBT}s) were deployed, and for which ancillary temperature data are available in the northeast {A}tlantic and equatorial {A}tlantic regions, are examined. {T}here was a total of 16 cruises with {XBT}s launched between conductivity-temperature-depth ({CTD}) stations; during most of these, as well as during three additional cruises that were also considered, intake temperature was measured. {XBT} data from two voluntary observing ships in the {N}orth {A}tlantic subpolar gyre for which intake temperature was measured were also investigated. {T}here is an {XBT} cold bias due to stirring of a stratified upper layer by the ship, resulting in differences between {XBT} temperatures at 3-5 m and intake measurements. {T}his is most pronounced for midlatitude spring or summer cruises, when it averages about 0.10 degrees {C}. {W}hen these situations are removed, the comparisons clearly indicate positive biases in {XBT} temperature measurements in 1999-2006, with individual cruise averages generally between 0 degrees and 0.1 degrees {C}, and a tendency to have larger biases when surface temperature is high. {I}n addition, a positive depth-estimate bias of the {XBT}s in the upper thermocline (on the order of 4 m) is identified, as well as a depth overestimation through the profile, averaging 1.7% (1.2%) for the equatorial (midlatitude) cruises (with respect to a previously published depth estimate).},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {A}tmospheric and {O}ceanic {T}echnology},
  volume = {26},
  numero = {11},
  pages = {2462--2473},
  ISSN = {0739-0572},
  year = {2009},
  DOI = {10.1175/2009jtecho655.1},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010085009},
}