@article{fdi:010084647,
  title = {{C}hanging relationships between {HIV} prevalence and circumcision in {L}esotho},
  author = {{G}arenne, {M}ichel},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he study investigates the complex relationships between circumcision and {HIV} prevalence in {L}esotho, using {D}emographic and {H}ealth surveys ({DHS}) conducted in 2004, 2009 and 2014. {B}efore the {HIV} epidemic, about half of the male adult population was circumcised as part of a traditional custom, and this proportion increased markedly after 2008 with the campaigns of {V}oluntary {M}edical {M}ale {C}ircumcision ({VMMC}), while {HIV} prevalence stayed at the same level. {I}n 2004, {HIV} prevalence was higher in circumcised groups than in intact groups ({RR}=1.49, 95% {CI}=1.20-1.86). {T}his relationship changed over time, and was inversed in 2014 ({RR}=0.86; 95% {CI}=0.70-1.06). {T}he changing relationship seems to be due to an interaction with education, with more educated men being more circumcised and having less {HIV} over time. {A} multivariate analysis showed no net effect of circumcision on {HIV}, after controlling for wealth, education, and indicators of marriage and sexual behaviour. {A} small net effect of {VMMC} was found, probably due to condom use. {I}n couple studies, the effect of circumcision and {VMMC} on {HIV} was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. {T}he study questions the amount of effort and money spent on {VMMC} in {L}esotho.},
  keywords = {{HIV}/{AIDS}: {C}ircumcision ; {L}esotho ; {LESOTHO}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {B}iosocial {S}cience},
  volume = {[{E}arly access]},
  numero = {},
  pages = {[16 ]},
  ISSN = {0021-9320},
  year = {2022},
  DOI = {10.1017/s0021932022000153},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010084647},
}