@article{fdi:010084407,
  title = {{A} review on the diagnosis of animal trypanosomoses},
  author = {{D}esquesnes, {M}. and {G}onzatti, {M}. and {S}azmand, {A}. and {T}hevenon, {S}. and {B}ossard, {G}. and {B}oulange, {A}. and {G}imonneau, {G}. and {T}ruc, {P}hilippe and {H}erder, {S}t{\'e}phane and {R}avel, {S}ophie and {S}ereno, {D}enis and {J}amonneau, {V}incent and {J}ittapalapong, {S}. and {J}acquiet, {P}. and {S}olano, {P}hilippe and {B}erthier, {D}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}his review focuses on the most reliable and up-to-date methods for diagnosing trypanosomoses, a group of diseases of wild and domestic mammals, caused by trypanosomes, parasitic zooflagellate protozoans mainly transmitted by insects. {I}n {A}frica, the {A}mericas and {A}sia, these diseases, which in some cases affect humans, result in significant illness in animals and cause major economic losses in livestock. {A} number of pathogens are described in this review, including several {S}alivarian trypanosomes, such as {T}rypanosoma brucei sspp. (among which are the agents of sleeping sickness, the human {A}frican trypanosomiasis [{HAT}]), {T}rypanosoma congolense and {T}rypanosoma vivax (causing "{N}agana" or animal {A}frican trypanosomosis [{AAT}]), {T}rypanosoma evansi ("{S}urra") and {T}rypanosoma equiperdum ("{D}ourine"), and {T}rypanosoma cruzi, a {S}tercorarian trypanosome, etiological agent of the {A}merican trypanosomiasis ({C}hagas disease). {D}iagnostic methods for detecting zoonotic trypanosomes causing {C}hagas disease and {HAT} in animals, as well as a diagnostic method for detecting animal trypanosomes in humans (the so-called "atypical human infections by animal trypanosomes" [a-{HT}]), including {T}. evansi and {T}rypanosoma lewisi (a rat parasite), are also reviewed. {O}ur goal is to present an integrated view of the various diagnostic methods and techniques, including those for: (i) parasite detection; (ii) {DNA} detection; and (iii) antibody detection. {T}he discussion covers various other factors that need to be considered, such as the sensitivity and specificity of the various diagnostic methods, critical cross-reactions that may be expected among {T}rypanosomatidae, additional complementary information, such as clinical observations and epizootiological context, scale of study and logistic and cost constraints. {T}he suitability of examining multiple specimens and samples using several techniques is discussed, as well as risks to technicians, in the context of specific geographical regions and settings. {T}his overview also addresses the challenge of diagnosing mixed infections with different {T}rypanosoma species and/or kinetoplastid parasites. {I}mproving and strengthening procedures for diagnosing animal trypanosomoses throughout the world will result in a better control of infections and will significantly impact on "{O}ne {H}ealth," by advancing and preserving animal, human and environmental health.},
  keywords = {{A}ntibody-detection ; {C}ross-reactions ; {DNA} detection ; {M}icroscope ; examination ; {T}rypanosome ; {U}ndetected infection ; {MONDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}arasites and {V}ectors},
  volume = {15},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {64 [24 ]},
  ISSN = {1756-3305},
  year = {2022},
  DOI = {10.1186/s13071-022-05190-1},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010084407},
}