@article{fdi:010084321,
  title = {{I}nteractions between microenvironment, selection and genetic architecture drive multiscale adaptation in a simulation experiment},
  author = {{C}ubry, {P}hilippe and {O}ddou-{M}uratorio, {S}. and {S}cotti, {I}. and {L}efevre, {F}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}hen environmental conditions differ both within and among populations, multiscale adaptation results from processes at both scales and interference across scales. {W}e hypothesize that within-population environmental heterogeneity influences the chance of success of migration events, both within and among populations, and maintains within-population adaptive differentiation. {W}e used a simulation approach to analyse the joint effects of environmental heterogeneity patterns, selection intensity and number of {QTL} controlling a selected trait on local adaptation in a hierarchical metapopulation design. {W}e show the general effects of within-population environmental heterogeneity: (i) it increases occupancy rate at the margins of distribution ranges, under extreme environments and high levels of selection; (ii) it increases the adaptation lag in all environments; (iii) it impacts the genetic variance in each environment, depending on the ratio of within- to between-populations environmental heterogeneity; (iv) it reduces the selection-induced erosion of adaptive gene diversity. {M}ost often, the smaller the number of {QTL} involved, the stronger are these effects. {W}e also show that both within- and between-populations phenotypic differentiation ({Q}({ST})) mainly results from covariance of {QTL} effects rather than {QTL} differentiation ({F}-{ST}q), that within-population {QTL} differentiation is negligible, and that stronger divergent selection is required to produce adaptive differentiation within populations than among populations. {W}ith a high number of {QTL}, when the difference between environments within populations exceeds the smallest difference between environments across populations, high levels of within-population differentiation can be reached, reducing differentiation among populations. {O}ur study stresses the need to account for within-population environmental heterogeneity when investigating local adaptation.},
  keywords = {local adaptation ; microgeographic adaptation ; simulations},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {E}volutionary {B}iology},
  volume = {[{E}arly access]},
  numero = {},
  pages = {[16 p.]},
  ISSN = {1010-061{X}},
  year = {2022},
  DOI = {10.1111/jeb.13988},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010084321},
}