@article{fdi:010084065,
  title = {{A}re genetic and epigenetic instabilities of plant embryogenic cells a fatality ? : the experience of coffee somatic embryogenesis},
  author = {{E}tienne, {H}. and {B}ertrand, {B}. and {D}echamp, {E}. and {M}aurel, {P}. and {G}eorget, {F}. and {G}uyot, {R}omain and {B}reitler, {J}.{C}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n plants, undifferentiated or totally differentiated cells can be easily in vitro cultured to generate undifferentiated embryogenic cells that can regenerate complete plants. {T}his is the most spectacular expression of totipotency. {E}mbryogenic cells represent a key material in plant biotechnologies as they are used in many processes aiming at asexual reproduction by somatic embryogenesis ({SE}), genetic transformation, protoplast regeneration and cryopreservation. {N}evertheless, tissue culture systems that involve the acquisition of competence for totipotency and extensive cell division remain risky with respect to genome and epigenome instabilities. {P}articularly, the use of embryogenic cell suspensions has frequently been associated with an increased likelihood of genetic instability and somaclonal variation ({SV}) in the regenerated plants. {SV} is a major concern in all in vitro vegetative plant propagation systems because it leads to the loss of genetic fidelity. {S}ince 20 years, embryogenic cell suspension based {SE} techniques have been applied to coffee for the large-scale dissemination of exceptional {A}rabica hybrids. {H}ere, we present our production and research experience showing that {SE} is efficient and reliable for true-to-type propagation. {O}ver 99% of coffee trees regenerated fully conform to the mother plant, both morphologically - they grow, flower and produce normally. {H}ence strong genetic and epigenetic changes in proliferating embryogenic cells are not a fatality. {T}he results also demonstrated the importance of embryogenic culture age on {SV} and hence the non-random nature of this phenomenon. {T}he genetic and epigenetic alterations are particularly limited during {SE}. {T}he main change in most of phenotypic variants was aneuploidy showing that mitotic aberrations play a major role in {SV} in coffee.{T}hese results provide a proof of concept for the use of embryogenic cell suspensions with other plant species: a revolutionin the world of plant micropropagation on an industrial scale.},
  keywords = {{ETHIOPIE} ; {SOUDAN} ; {AMERIQUE} {CENTRALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{H}uman {G}enetics and {E}mbryology},
  volume = {6},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {5},
  ISSN = {2161-0436},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.4172/2161-0436.1000136},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010084065},
}